Modern Slavery: Answer each of the questions under the numbered link.
· What
is modern slavery?
How is this similar to slavery that existed through the Atlantic Circuit as well as various areas of China, the Roman Empire, India, Russia etc.? (see red sidebar on left)
2.http://www.antislavery.org/english/slavery_today/bonded_labour/default.aspx
How is this similar to slavery that existed through the Atlantic Circuit as well as various areas of China, the Roman Empire, India, Russia etc.? (see red sidebar on left)
2.http://www.antislavery.org/english/slavery_today/bonded_labour/default.aspx
·
Bonded
Labor: What is it? Where is this found?
·
Read
the 3 stories of bonded labor:
http://www.antislavery.org/english/slavery_today/bonded_labour/stories_of_bonded_labourers.aspx
http://www.antislavery.org/english/slavery_today/bonded_labour/stories_of_bonded_labourers.aspx
·
Do
you think the history of the caste system in India played a role in this type
of bonded labour? Explain
·
Describe
how the issues of child slavery are a growing and serious problem?
·
Child
slavery is often rationalized as a way of bringing money into a region. How are
the long-term consequences to child labor disastrous, economically, for a
country?
4.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=etiMlUF4UEg
(Watch the film…winner of best documentary short – 2016) The Girl in the Rive,
A Price of Forgiveness (NOTE: Since the initial post, this movie has been moved off of youtube, try searching by title)
·
Do
you consider a forced marriage a type of slavery? Explain
·
Looking
through the lens of history, why are women and children much more prone to be
victims of slavery?
·
What
cultural and economic pulls exist for the main character, in regards to her
decision to “forgive”?
·
What
do you think about the decision made to “forgive” and the father’s response to
his violent actions towards his daughter?
In today’s modern society, the term slavery is applied to forced labor, forced marriages, and human trafficking. Modern slavery is very similar to slavery in the past because they both mostly target women and children. They are also similar in the fact that they involve forced lab our through physical and mental abuse against a certain group of people. Slavery hasn't changed so far, the only thing different about modern slavery is that it is more underground in first and second world countries because they abolished slavery.
ReplyDeleteBonded labor is labor enforced through debts and usually involves little to no payed labour and human trafficking. This is occurrent in third world countries in Asia and Africa. Bonded labour usually persists in agriculture and kiln mills.It also results in the abduction of family members or loved ones and the sexual abuse of women. Bonded labor is also the most practiced form of slavery, but very few have heard about it. Plus, some governments have done very little to fix this problem.
The Indian caste system does play a role in slavery. Slavery is always targeted to the minorities of societies, in which the ‘untouchables’ in India are always treated like unfairly. It has been that way in the past and in the present.
Child slavery is a persisting issue in today's society. It typically involves forced marriages and labour. This is a growing problem because it is linked to religious and cultural practices, in which the people who are doing this don't believe they are wrong. Child slavery lives through prostitution, human trafficking, pornography, begging, petty theft, and the drug trade. Child slavery may be beneficial to the economy, it is still without a doubt unacceptable. Children working is fine and most times necessary. Children working in well paying jobs will be able to better contribute to the economy better than children forced into marriage and labour. If this issue keeps getting larger, then it will be harder to stop.
I consider forced marriage a slavery. It something done without the permission of the victim. It also usually deals with domestic abuse, both physically and mentally. The victim will usually have to obey the orders of their spouse. Women and children are more prone to slavery than men are because they are considered ‘weak’, which makes them ‘inferior’ when compared to men. Plus, some religions and customs enforce the segregation, slavery, isolation, and abuse of women. Which pressure women into believing that they must be subservient. The main character in “A Girl in the River: The Price of Forgiveness”, was pressured into ‘forgiving’ her father and uncle, who tried to murder her. Society had pressured her into forgiving her attackers because society was ok with honor killings. I think the main character’s decision to ‘forgive’ her father and uncle was a horrible idea. Yet, at the same time, if she had not forgiven them, society would have turned their backs on her, so it is understandable why she did it. In this case, sincerely forgiving her father and uncle is almost impossible; it takes time to forgive someone for something like that.
I agree with what you said in question four about Saba and society pressuring her to forgive her father and uncle. The community, or at least a majority of it, accepts honor killings because it is something so deeply rooted in their culture. They believe in obedience and following your elders. They believe in maintaining one's honor and if someone, particularly one's own child, puts this honor at risk, the most honorable thing to do is to kill them. Although not everyone believes this, such as Saba’s first lawyer and the doctor that treated her, several others do such as her own brother-in-law, the community elders, and her new lawyer. Saba’s own mother and sisters even agreed with what their father did, saying that Saba brought shame to the family and that she deserved to be killed. They firmly believe that what their faither did was right. Saba's father said that after the "incident", he was more respected in the community as he tried to kill his daughter to protect his honor. I personally would not regard him as a man with honor and instead agree with what you said that Saba's decision to forgive her father was understandable but still a greatly unfortunate and horrid decision. As her first lawyer and the police said, allowing these murderers to walk free promotes the idea that honor killing is acceptable, that you can murder your own family and walk away with no consequences.
DeleteI really agree with how you answered the question about Saba because although it might be hard to forgive, Saba still had to do it in order for everything to be ok with the society they lived within. I had never thought about Saba and her husband's family being shunned if they had not forgiven Saba's father and uncle. I connected her reason to economic ties because without Saba's father around, there is no one to take care of her sisters and mothers. He was the only breadwinner of the family and without him, it would become really hard for Saba's family to survive.
DeleteTammy T.
NDSJ
I do believe Saba mainly forgave her uncle and father mainly because of the pressure she received from society. It was very clear that truly in her heart, she did not forgive the actions they had done for her. It was extremely frustrating to see the people within her community support what her father did. Of course, the values and culture where Saba lives will be different from what we are used to, which is possibly a reason why I and many others cannot understand the reasoning behind it. Her father had tried to murder his daughter, yet when he got out of jail. People looked up to him with even more respect and called him honorable. Although the actions committed against her were truly horrible, I do not believe her decision in forgiving them was a horrible idea. In the documentary, it talked about them coming up with an agreement of the danger she could have been in if they had been freed after their jail sentence, without a written document. If they had ended up serving the jail sentence and then were freed, I feel like she could have been in danger. Furthermore, without the father, it would be more difficult for her family to survive, considering he was the one who provided for them.
DeleteEmily V.
NDSJ
I agree with you about how minorities are often the ones targeted for slavery in society. I think it has a lot to do with the majority thinking that they can control the minority and that manipulates others into thinking the same way. Minorities are usually the ones targeted in society because they are different and its no different in the case of slavery. I also agree with you about how Saba was forced to forgive based on societal pressure. The male leaders of her community really gave her no choice because otherwise she would have left both of her families in ruin both socially and economically.
DeleteModern slavery is forced labor or bonded labor , human trafficking, and "arranged" marriages.in all of these cases men and women sometimes whole families are forced to work for the money they borrowed for basic survival, married of for money needed desperately, or sold of for money and a small percentage is given to the family or sometimes not at all. Bonded slavery happens all around the world in small villages with wealthy land owners especially in remote parts of India. Wealthy land owners will loan of money and the debt is replayed through several years or hard back breaking work for several hours a day with little to no pay. Slavery in this way is very similar to the Atlantic slave trade where people were given up to work back breaking jobs with long hours in terrible conditions for money. The only difference is that these people aren't technically owned. But thats not any better rich landowners and others use the caste system to trap poor unsuspecting families sometimes for generations. They pray on the ones in extreme poverty, untouchables, and ethnically discriminated peoples. Promising them the money they need to survive and the work they think they will get paid fairly for. They make it all seem so nice and sweet when really it's an ugly way to get next to free labor everyday for years.the same thing goes for children. Everyday children are coerced , snatched or sent of to their doom. They are lied to and so are their parents into believing this is a good idea and they will profit from it when really they are just being used as the almost free labor they are. Children under the age of 18 become loads and thieves just to survive and not be beat by their "masters". Young girls used for the pleasure and enjoyment of grown men without a thought or care to their feelings and emotions or how it affects them mentally as well as physically. Forced into a marriage with a grown man old enough to be her father just for money and physical use and beaten into compliance. Just like in the river they have no choice and are uses and abused and expected to be okay with it because their religion, culture, and society deem it ok. Her uncle and father beat her senseless day in and day out for little things and nothing at all forcing her to do things she didn't want to. She was also forced to "forgive" then of their atrocities or her whole culture and society would turn their back on her. That's not right and just makes it seem okay to deal with atrocities like that because evyone says so. This type of manhandling abusive behavior is not okay and shouldn't be happening along with child trafficking and labor. Not to mention any govt who uses revenue from these actions is disgusting and knows that this is wrong you should never ever depend economically on the hurt pain and suffering of others especially women and children who are targeted the most. Women and children are vulnerable to situations like this due to lack of education , violence, force from the community, believing due to religion or culture to always be subservient no matter the situation, wrongful teachings at home or not being physically strong enough to fight back. They are considered weak and defenseless and easy to prey off of, they are thought of as gullible and willing to believe and do anything witch unfortunately for some is true. Govt who depend off of their labor and how they were forced into situations that are dire and had their choices taken away from them are sick. You cannot and should not survive off of this type of labor or anytime that is illegal and immoral. What happens when other countries catch wind of this and step in to help the poor and oppressed or other regions and organized international groups do as well your whole economy will tumble like jenga and you will be left into the dust filled with despair like the people who were preyed on and you benefitted from
ReplyDeleteYou made a lot of really good points in your paragraph, especially when it came to the child labor and slavery. I never thought about how governments might use revenues from companies and processes that use child labor, and I liked your analogy to the economy falling like jenga if they depend on child labor. This was very interesting. What did you think of Saba's father's response at the end of the movie to what he did to her, when he was talking about honor and the marriage proposals for his other daughters? I think it just goes to show how deeply ingrained societal ideals can be in some cultures and people, and that his thoughts on Saba's decision and on forced marriage will continued to be passed down generation to generation.
Delete-Anna G
NDSJ
I also agree with many of your points regarding child labor and the horrors that modern slavery presents to us. To the point where children are snatched or coerced into this slavery, it is even sadder when we still have parents in certain areas of the world that send their children, especially daughters, in order to gain money and support the greater family. The girls end up going through different men constantly and live a life of slavery. This reaffirms the fact that girls, as they are usually the victims of this occurrence, are valued a lot less than they should be in many rural societies. This affirms your point in how a lot of these cultures have the inferiority of women in families as a custom and a norm. Governments, as this may be a part of their religion or culture, may support this, which is sad and unfortunate. Additionally, to add upon your point in how children have to steal eventually in order to survive, many women who leave forced marriages unsupported go through deep levels of poverty and psychological stress as they are alone and rejected from their community. You also mention that when other countries understand and acknowledge other governments that rely on forced labor, all their economies will end up falling. I do agree that the ending of forced labor in some of these countries will cause a drastic economic disaster. However, I would like to bring up the point that many of the first-world governments already understand the dire situations in certain countries around the world that go through forced labor. Regardless of their knowledge, it has been very difficult to change a lifestyle, such as forced marriages, in countries that have been so accustomed to them. Therefore, although I do want these atrocities to end, it will take a lot more of a global effort and more developed countries’ effort to actually make that change.
DeleteMeghan Chung NDSJ
I agree with you that modern slavery is wrong and, frankly, disgusting. I agree with you that we need to help those in need. There are organizations that strive to do that in the status quo. However, one part of your answer that I disagree with is based on the assumption that other countries don’t know about this problem. Human rights organizations like Amnesty International and the Human Rights Watch are famed for reports on human rights conditions around the world. The United States and other countries don’t do nearly enough about this problem, despite the resources they have and this wealth of knowledge at their hands. The fact of the matter is, because we benefit from this type of labour, we continue to use it, and choose to look in the other direction. Forever 21, for example, relies on child labour. But it’s fashionable, popular, and relatively cheap, despite the cost of child slavery. We will need to significantly change our mindsets, and the mindsets of the governments of our own countries, to properly address this problem within other countries.
DeleteDaenerys P.
NDSJ
Bonded labor, forced labor, and force marriages are all forms of modern slavery that involves forcing people into horrible situations. All of these types of slavery seem to involve adults and children alike, whether they are tied down to inescapable commitment or back breaking work.
ReplyDeleteBonded labor involves forcing people to work for little pay to pay a debt. The labor dehumanizes these people and their "owners" usually physically and emotionally abuses them. It happens a lot in Africa, South Asia, and the Caribbean.
The caste plays a big role in modern slavery because it established in institution where it's socially acceptable to five the lower castes to do all the jobs in horrible conditions.
Child slavery is very serious and is troubling because people think slavery does not exists. More and more children are being used and exploited for labor, pornography, involvement in armed conflict, and other awful situations. Child slavery is overall a horrible problem that can hurt a country's economy when a child is fatally harmed.
Although I was not able to watch the clip, I do believe forced marriages are a form of slavery. Many of the people involved in these marriages are usually children that aren't able to consent to this. In a sense, these children are owned by their "spouse," used, and abused.
I agree with your statement that all three forms of forced labor/marriage are modern slavery and that they all involve placing people in such harsh situations. I like how you mentioned that it does not matter if the person is a young child or average adult—they are all victims of slavery in some form or another in some parts of the globe. I agree with your explanation that the caste system of past societies have created societies that accept slavery or poor treatment of the “subordinate” classes. Past caste systems have also created cycles of poverty that are even more difficult to break when children are forced into slavery. Forced marriages mean that it is without at least one of the spouse’s consents, so people—especially young girls—are forced into unhealthy relationships that have the ability to ruin their lives.
DeleteGillian Mc.
NDSJ
This comment has been removed by the author.
DeleteI agree with all you've said and can tell that you've put a lot of insight into this. It really stuck out to me when you said that those in slavery are dehumanized and emotionally and physically abused by their owners because I had never made that connection before when I was talking about slavery. Usually slavery only involves the physical part, but I never thought about the emotional pain people must be in when they have to do this everyday. The caste system definitely sets it up for the poverty to have the lowest jobs, and because the society is not fluid, it is hard for change to happen. I think it is a shame that you never watched the clip, because it is definitely something well worth watching because you really get to understand one girl's struggles forgiving her family who ruined her life.
DeleteTammy T.
NDSJ
I agree that all types of modern slavery force people into situations that no one should ever be. I especially like your statement saying that it does not matter whether the victim is a child or an adult. The forced slavery has similar mental and physical effects on both children and adults. I also agree with your statement that the caste system allowed the creation of a social hierarchy that made it socially acceptable for some people to be treated as less than others and have more work. I also agree that child slavery is an important problem that is not receiving the attention it needs. I think that the effect child slavery can have on the economics of a country is detrimental, because it perpetuates cycles of poverty. When children go to work, they cannot get a proper education, leaving them unprepared for working as adults. Unable to make money, they send their children to work, which repeats the cycle and continues child labor, while increasing poverty rates. I agree with your statement that people forced into marriage are essentially “owned” by their spouse. If you ever get the chance, you should watch the documentary; it sheds light on many of the problems and struggles faced by people forced into marriage.
DeleteAnya M.
NDSJ
This comment has been removed by the author.
DeleteI do agree with you that forced marriage is a type of modern slavery because slavery is when someone is legally owned by someone else and is forced to do whatever they say. In forced marriages, the victim is coerced to marry someone they do not wish to marry and is compelled to obey them. The freedom of the individual is lost and they have just became the property of the other. Forced marriages is a form of slavery because it is not the wish of the person to willingly marry the other. I think that the idea of forced marriage is absolutely dehumanizing and wrong because it is when humans are no longer seen as humans but as property.
DeleteAditi G
NDSJ
I appreciate how you mentioned that slavery is not limited to a certain group of people, but those of all ages, genders, and races as long as they go through forced labor and dehumanization. I also agree with your explanation of the Indian caste system and how it plays a role in modern slavery. To be even more specific, I would like to touch on the “Untouchables” caste which was a class in this society that faced constant violence and discrimination. As of the beginning of the 21st century, there were more than 160 million people still in this caste. The saddest part is that the system makes it impossible or condemns any social fluidity and improvement, which makes their families continue in this cycle of discrimination. Additionally, I agree in your point in why child slavery is so serious: it is constantly growing yet the knowledge of it existing is decreasing. I believe that this is due to the fact that a lot of citizens assume that it no longer exists because first and second world countries have had laws to abolish it. I also believe that child labor can have a horrible effect on the economy as it only allows one minority group to gain all the money and the rest of the people suffer from low wages and poor working conditions. I agree with all the other responses and encourage you to watch the documentary if you ever have the opportunity to. It is an amazing film that can really open your eyes to how a society perpetuates this patriarchy and misogyny (through forced marriages) that is rampant in our global community.
DeleteMeghan Chung NDSJ
I really agree with you about how child slavery is a spreading problem because people do not think it exists. People have this idea that slavery has disappeared and fail to recognize the many ways it shows up, from how our coffee is produced to the sweatshop where much of the clothes we wear comes from. Slavery plays a huge role in all of our lives but without the proper awareness people let it continue to grow. I think the best way to combat slavery today is spreading awareness and understanding where our products come from.
Delete1.What is modern slavery?
ReplyDeleteModern slavery is when someone is forced to work against their wishes for little to no pay or forced to do things against their wishes. They are usually "owned" by someone else, dehumanized, or bought and sold as "property". This is similar to the slavery that existed through the Atlantic Circuit because those bandaged under modern slavery are just like the slaves that passed through the Atlantic Circuit. The circuit was a triangular trade route between Europe, Africa and the Americas to trade things and people. The traded slaves through it. Those slaves were forced to work in a new land, just like those slaves of today. Also, in areas such as Russia, China India, and the Roman Empire, those of a lower class were treated as slave to serve and work for those "superior" to them.
2. Bonded Labor: What is it? Where is this found? (see red sidebar on left)
Bonded Labor is when a person is forced to work for another to pay off a debt to that person. They usually work for little to no pay. It is usually found in Africa, the Caribbean and South and South-East Asia.
Do you think the history of the caste system in India played a role in this type of bonded labour? Explain
I do believe that the history of the caste system in India played a role in this type of bonded labor, because if people were educated right, they would know better. If their ancestor's taught them that everyone, even poor people are equal, everyone would know to respect everyone else. Those on the top of the caste system who are rich have been taught that those below them are inferior and worthless. If this mindset wasn't implanted into everyone's minds, there would be different views on each other.
3. Describe how the issues of child slavery are a growing and serious problem?
Children under slavery is a huge problem. In fact, there are 168 million child laborers aged between 5 and 17 years old. Children have been forced through abuse and threats to work in areas of prostitution, pornography, illicit activities, such as forced begging, petty theft, and the drug trade. They also have been forced to work in agriculture, factories, construction, etc.
· Child slavery is often rationalized as a way of bringing money into a region. How are the long-term consequences to child labor disastrous, economically, for a country?
Child labor is disastrous to a country's economy because when a country loses so many children to unbearable labor, parents may start retaliating through strike. This definitely cuts the county's earnings, because no one goes to work anyway, making the government zero money. Also, because all these children can't go to school because they are working, they won't be able to get educated in ways to create more business for the government.
I like and agree with your statement that modern slavery is similar to the Atlantic Circuit slave trade because they both involved the trading of “lower caste” people for agricultural-based labor. However, nowadays slavery has “industrialized” a bit more in that it can also be based in sweatshop and manufacturing work, as well as a myriad of other types that continue on.
DeleteI appreciate how you explain how improper mindsets and overall ignorance of human rights lead to the continuities of slavery—if people of higher classes realized what they were doing was morally and ethically wrong (especially by today’s modern standards), they would be much less likely to do it. If they are brought up being taught that it is the right thing to treat lower classes with disrespect, then they will likely pass on that belief. This is similar, again, to Atlantic Circuit trade in that many rich white landowners believed they had the right—even the obligation—to treat minorities and native populations with subordination.
Child slavery also creates cycles of poverty that continue the hierarchical caste system and thus impede both national and worldwide development, since it is more difficult to improve working, living, and economic conditions of population majorities if most of them are of lower education and stuck in loops of slavery and oppression.
Gillian Mc.
NDSJ
1. I completely agree with your definition of bonded labor. I also think another similarity to the Atlantic Circuit slave trade was that children born to slaves were also slaves. This is similar to bonded labour debts, because often the person to whom the debt is being paid overstates the amount of work needed, and it often takes several generations to work off the debt.
Delete2. I also agree that the caste system played a role in modern slavery because of the lack of belief that all people were equal. However, I think it had a greater influence in setting up a social hierarchy (that still persists today) that made it acceptable for some people to be treated far worse than others and have to shoulder a heavier burden of work, while others lived in luxury and did not work.
3. I agree that the loss of children’s lives is detrimental to a country’s economy. However, I think child labor has a more significant effect on a country’s economy when all of the surviving children are unable to get a proper education because the are working all the time. This leaves them unprepared for when they are adults and need to work. This increases the poverty rates and creates poverty cycles where the people who can't work send their children to do work, which repeats the cycle.
Anya M.
NDSJ
I completely agree that the mindset that is encouraged by the caste system plays a huge role in perpetuating the issue of bonded labor. The caste system creates a dynamic in which people are inferior to others, a mindset which people then use to justify their use of bonded labor. Because of this, people in lower castes, such as the Shudras, must work for people of higher castes, like the Kshatriyas, to pay off their debt. I agree that equality and respect are needed to combat this issue through recognising the dignity and rights of every human being.
DeleteMahima
ND
Do you think that the caste system of India played a role in this type of bonded labor?
DeleteI agree with you in your opinion that this caste system did play a major role, and also in that education could go a long way in helping the problem of bonded labor. I really like your analysis on how the mindsets that have been implanted in everyone’s minds only continue the systemic inequality. However, I think it’s also important to remember that the caste system really prevents equal education, especially for the lower castes. The solution to this problem isn’t as simple as saying, “we need to educate”, because while that’s true, it’s hard to get education to those who need it most, for a various number of reasons.
How are the long-term consequences to child labor disastrous economically for a country?
Your answer to this question really interested me because it went in an entirely different direction than mine had. While it’s entirely possible that parents could go on strike if motivated enough, I actually have never heard of such a case. I just did a preliminary Google search, and all that turned up was a parent protest in the UK against exams their children had to take. If you have heard of such a case, I would like to know about it. I do, however, agree with the analysis that because children can’t go to school, they aren’t able to gain education. Once again, we agree on the point of education- that it is necessary and valuable, not only to eliminate incorrect mindsets but also to advance a country economically.
Daenerys P.
NDSJ
1. Modern slavery refers to the institutions of slavery that exist in the present day. Modern or contemporary slavery covers a broad range of heinous acts, some of which include: forced marriages, sex slavery (prostitution), child slavery, blood farming, forced agricultural work, and sweatshops. According to the International Labour Organization around 21-29 million men, women and children around the world are in one of these forms of modern-slavery. Like slaves in the Americas, the Islamic World, and other parts of the world- modern slaves are forced to participate in labor and other illicit activities to satiate the greed of others. While many people are forced to participate in agricultural labor (ex. Hershey Farms on the Ivory Coast), illicit industries such as the sex trade, organ trade, and sweatshops have become much more widespread.
ReplyDelete2. Bonded labor, or debt slavery, is a person’s pledge of their labor or acceptance of servitude for the repayment of a debt or other obligation. It is the most common form of servitude, yet many people are not aware of its prevalence. Bonded labor shares many similarities with the practice of indentured servitude, which most of us studied about in WHAP. The system of bonded labor is extremely prevalent in India, Southeast Asia, Africa, and the Caribbean. The connection between these regions and a history of indentured servitude and slavery may correspond to the prevalence of bonded labor. In fact, the International Labour Organization estimates that a majority of the 11.7 million people that are in forced labour in the Asia-Pacific region participate in bonded labor. In countries like India, social systems also play huge role in the prevalence of bonded labor. Throughout Indian history, the lower castes, or the Shudras and the Untouchables, were [sometimes permanently] indebted to landowners (Vaishyas) and rulers (Kshatriyas). This system of indentured servitude was fueled by strict social stratification and a sense of superiority that stemmed from a higher position in the caste system. Today, especially in the case of India, bonded labor persists due to traditional social stratification, widespread poverty, and history of indentured servitude.
3. According to the International Labour Organization (ILO), around 5.5 million children are enslaved around the world. Child slaves around the world are forced to engage in commercial sex acts, begging, domestic servitude, petty theft, and even the drug trade. To make matters worse, there are about 168 million child laborers aged between 5 and 17 years old (ILO 2012). Often times, child laborers are forced to work in huge commercial plantations and sweatshops. Although there is a difference between child slaves and child laborers, the horrible conditions, that both groups of victims are forced into, are virtually the same. Children, especially in sweatshops, fields, and the sex industry, are an extremely popular choice for exploiters because they are not really capable of resistance. In the minds of exploiters, children are an easy, fast, and cheap way to make a lot of money. Enslaved children and child laborers usually do not have access to a proper education and decent living conditions. The lack of a decent education prevents most enslaved children from running away and seeking a better life, keeping them trapped in a vicious cycle of poverty, violence, and slavery.
Delete4. I definitely consider forced marriage a type of slavery. Often times, especially in South Asia, Africa, and East Asia, women subjected to forced marriages are trapped in emotionally and physically abusive “relationships” with almost no way out. An increasing number of girls and women around the world are forced into marriages with men two or three times their age. Individuals who are forced into marriages suffer intense consequences if they object or try to run away from the relationship. In South and East Asian societies, traditional religious and cultural values further strengthen and support forced marriages- making change very difficult. Furthermore, forced marriages are strengthened by a false understanding of “respect” and “honor”. Throughout history, women and children have been much more susceptible to forced marriages and sex slavery. This fact can be attributed to the prevalence of sexism in societies throughout the world and degrading gender roles that continue to reinforce violence against women [and children]. In The Girl in the River, Saba is pressured to forgive her father and uncle because she does not want her husband’s/own family to lose respect, basic resources, and honor in their communities. She understands that her own family will starve and lose their home if her father is not released from jail, as he is the family’s only bread-winner. She also understands that her new family and her husband will lose respect if she continues to go through with the prosecution. In the case of honor killings in Pakistan, the perpetrator(s) can be released with the victim’s “forgiveness”. Saba was pressured to “forgive” her father and uncle to save her families and “respect” societal values, not knowing if she would be harmed again. After being released from jail, Saba’s father seemed proud of himself, claiming that no one else in his family would ever do what Saba did. I think that the fact that he was proud of himself for almost killing his own daughter is absolutely horrifying. Above all, I am in awe of Saba’s strength, bravery, and courage. I don’t know if I would be able to walk in her footsteps and forgive for others.
1. Modern slavery is when one is forced to work, owned by an employer due to abuse, has a lack of autonomy and is practically property. This is similar to the slavery in China for during the Qing dynasty, many were forced into participating in labor projects as well as during the Sui period of building the Great Wall. In the Roman Empire it was common for slaves to be considered as property and could easily endure torture and prostitution even under the law. In India slavery was often associated with prostitution and heavily apparent due to the caste system. Within Russia, about 70% of the population was in slavery. Often people gave into slavery to survive because they could not provide themselves. Within all these empires these individuals were forced to work and were practically property.
ReplyDelete2. Bonded labor is when one is forced into labor and tricked into working for little or practically no pay. Tricks of coercing people into labor include surveillance and abuse. The system of bonded labor can be found in India, Southeast Asia, Africa, and the Caribbean. All of these regions have a history of slavery and labor systems which may be an explanation to bonded labor within these regions. This labor was fueled by social struggles within the caste system in India. Citizens in higher castes had more power and authority allowing them to use those in lower castes. The Indian caste system has allowed the untouchables to become an integral part of slavery even today.
3. Child slavery is a huge problem in our world. Children suffering through child slavery live with prostitution, human trafficking, pornography, poverty and etc. Child labor benefits the economy for these children work on plantation farms and sweat shops. This allows this problem to persist. The children are often unable to leave due to a lack of knowledge, perpetuating the cycle.
4. Forced marriage is a type of slavery. In all areas around the world especially Southeast Asia, girls are forced to marry men twice or thrice their age. The girls do not have any consent and are married off to instill pride to their families. Throughout history, women and children have been much more prone to these situations due to sexism. The sexist natures and belief in superiority of men has caused the prepetuating violence of women. Children have been exploited as a resource for years for women have always been in the private sphere to take care of children, allowing the grouping of women and children.In The Girl in the River, Saba is pressured to forgive her father and uncle to not dishonor her family and allow her family to have food and shelter. Her family will not survive if her father remains in jail and will lose all respect if Saba continues to fight. These societal and cultural implications as well as unselfishness allowed Saba to forgive. Even after being released, Saba’s father was still proud of what he had done. I think that Saba was very brave and kind enough to forgive despite not knowing if she would ever be harmed again.
-Dipa Sur
1. Modern slavery is no different that from what it used to be, a example of modern slavery could be the use of prisoners in jails, for hard labor. those who belonged to a lower caste or social system, in ancient time were treated as slaves to those who were thought to be superior to them.
ReplyDelete2.Bonded Labor is technically slavery where workers got paid little to no money for their hard work, in ancient times these peoples would be found in Africa, apart of major slave trades, such as Sub Saharan, and Silk Road trade.
3.Using children for Bonded labor is a huge problem in many countries. These children and their families live in poverty and have to live in poverty and other things such as human trafficking, etc. Where this cheap or even free labor benefits the economy immensely.
4. Forced Marriage can be a form of slavery, In ancient times especially Women and children were more susceptible to slavery, because they had no power. Saba was pressured to forgive her father and uncle and allow her family to have food shelter. Saba had to be brave to help save her family, while she was unaware of what the future may hold for her
1. That is an interesting connection. However, I do believe that the way that slavery presents itself has changed, because there are now more complex, hidden forms of it, and forms of which do nor fit the ancient idea of slavery as found on plantations and in colonies (i.e. forced marriages, sweatshops, etc.
Delete2. That is a good point. Do you think that the caste system has anything to do with the presence of bonded labor? I think so, because of the lies between upper and lower classes and the relationships that were created through the caste system.
3. Yes, child labor is a major problem in countries. It not only is a severe marr on their life forever, even if they get out of the bonded labor, human trafficking ring, etc., but it also hurts the economy through the usage of such cheap labor that takes advantage of such a large population.
4. I agree. What do you think about Saba's decision to forgive, and her father's reaction to what he did to her? I feel as though she made the best choice that she could have, given the circumstances and pressures and beliefs of her society, and I believe her father's ideas about what he did will continue to affect their family and future generations of girls for decades to come.
-Anna G
NDSJ
1. I believe that slavery has changed over time. Slavery has become less present in our society than in history and is more complex and hard to find.
Delete2. I agree with this answer.
3. These are good points. Children in poverty seem to be more inclined to in slavery because they need the money, but arranged marriage, I believe, is another example of slavery, and can happen to women of all economic statuses.
4. I agree with this. Women and children were considered subordinate, so they have no power and could be forced into this enslaved positions. Also, I agree that Saba was pressured, but even more, I believe that she didn't really have a choice.
I think that slavery is extremely different than what slavery used to be because while modern slavery is still for the same purpose as slavery in the past, the form of slavery has changed. Slavery has also become more discreet in developed parts of the world.
DeleteIn response to your answer to number three, while there are some benefits economically of child labor, in the long run other countries may not agree with child labor. The may not be supportive of those businesses, and not choose to do business with them, which can be an economic pitfall for companies that use child laborers.
In response to your answer for number four I agree that Saba was pressured into forgiving her father and uncle. But I also think that she wasn't exactly given a choice to forgive or not because if she chose not to the whole community could potentially shut her and her new family out which could be detrimental to them in times of need.
- Jasmine C NDSJ
1. Modern slavery is the illegal practice of men, women, and children of all ages being forced into undesirable labor such as prostitution, agricultural work, sweatshop work, and more. This is similar to slavery that existed through the Atlantic Circuit as well as various areas of China, the Roman Empire, India, Russia, etc. because the laborers are often held captive under threats, surveillance, and lock. Additionally, the workers were (and still are) forced to work with little or no payments and help.
ReplyDelete2. Bonded labor occurs when a person’s only way of paying off a debt is through harsh labor. It is found mostly in India and Nepal.
3. Yes, I do think the history of the caste system in India played a role in this type of bonded labor because it helped foster the belief that some people are subordinate to others no matter what. In addition, a history of familial success because of high social status/class often leads to continued success through being able to own large businesses, etc., whereas those from low class backgrounds often continue the cycle of poverty and are thus more likely to have debts to pay off via bonded labor.
4. The issues of child slavery are a growing and serious problem because many children are not receiving adequate education or opportunities to improve their own lives or the lives of their descendants. Through dangerous labor, trafficking, and early marriage, children are significantly less likely to be successful, even in impoverished communities or states of being.
5. The long-term consequences to child labor are economically disastrous for a country because children (the future generations) are often left continuing the cycle of poverty rather than stopping it had they had the proper education, opportunities, and employment.
6. Yes, I do consider forced marriage a type of slavery because it is against said person’s will, and they almost always have little to no say in the matter. Marriage can be a symbol of freedom, but if one does not have the ability to choose who their partner should be, then that part of their freedom is taken away from them. Additionally, if the forced person does not love their new spouse and does not want sexual connections with them, it can also be considered rape/assault.
7. Looking through the lens of history, women and children are much more prone to be victims of slavery because they have often been put in subordinate positions since they are often—but not always—slightly physically weaker than the majority of men in their same positions. Women are usually viewed as the people who give birth and care for children and the husband, whilst men are typically viewed as those who make the money for the family. Children are often seen as those who benefit most from the parents and are expected to carry on their legacies.
8. The cultural and economic pulls that exist for the main character—in regards to her decision to “forgive”—are that women are expected to follow their parents’ will and expect such actions (mercy killing) to be taken. Additionally, she is pulled by her family’s recent failures in local business and dip in popularity in the neighborhood.
9. Personally, I believe that Saba’s decision to “forgive” was not being honest so herself. Because of the elders’ pressures, she was inclined to, but she did not truly believe it. The father’s response to his violent actions towards his daughter is frightening because he believes what he did was right, he mentioned that he would do it again, and he gained more respect and a better place in the community because of it.
Gillian Mc.
NDSJ
1. Although many believe that slavery was abolished in the 1800s, in reality, it is still present today. It comes in many different forms such as forced marriages, forced prostitution, sweatshops, blood farming, and in general forced labor. One may think that slavery is gone but this is far from the truth as there are 21 million people in some form of modern slavery according to the International Labor Organisation, or ILO. Anything that consists of forced labor, ownership of one person over another, dehumanization, and limitations on free movement is considered as slavery. This type of slavery is similar to the slavery in the Atlantic Circuit, China, the Roman Empire, India, and Russia because in each, the people enslaved were not given a choice. Their rights were taken away from them and they had no voice. They were tethered to the area they worked and often physically abused by their “masters”.
ReplyDelete2. Bonded Labor comes about in a situation where one person owes a debt and is tricked into paying it through forced labor. This debt is often passed down throughout generations. The bonded labourers are forced to stay through violence or are locked in. It is mainly found in Southeast Asia, specifically India, as well as the Asia Pacific region in general. One could argue that the caste system in India does play a role into this type of bonded labor. Take for example, the Brick Kilns. Since the Kilns work in an area that is not supervised by the government, they are unable to receive the same benefits and security that others would receive. The lower castes cannot receive jobs in areas that are supervised by the government because of their low social status and poverty. These workers are usually from the lowest castes. Furthermore, they are forced into loans that they cannot possibly pay due to their economic situation, another result of the caste system. The same can be said for Nepal in which the laborers are forced into loans but cannot pay them off due to the fact that they are being paid little to nothing. In both these areas, people take out loans either to get married or support their families but cannot repay them because of their low wages. Thus, there is this perpetual cycle in which people need loans because they have no money, then they work to pay off the loan but receive no money. They are stuck in this system that can be attributed towards the caste system.
3. Child slavery is a growing problem as people continue to search for cheap sources of labor so that they can have the maximum profits possible. Children are a huge source for this as they work for little pay and often work for long hours. Money is a huge motivator and the people who are in control in the child labor industry do not consider the morals, only their potential profitability. Child slavery is an extremely serious issue as children are prevented from learning and growing, both mentally and physically. They are often injured and abused as well as vulnerable to diseases. The long term consequences are detrimental for a country. The children are the next generation, they are the future of a country as they will be the ones taking over government or job positions. Thus, for the future of a country, it is important to educate the young so that a country can prosper. If this is prevented from happening and the next generation is growing smaller, wiped out from disease and injuries, a country cannot grow. The labor force will shrink and the overall income of the country will decrerase. A country cannot possibly prosper if there is little to no one working.
4. I do consider forced marriage as a form of slavery as women, or more often young girls, are forced into marriages with men much older than them. Further more, these marriages they enter into can be abusive, both mentally and physically. These girls are forced to obey the orders often of their fathers, telling them to enter into this forced marriage and giving them no say in the matter. Since forced marriage can be abusive and is done without consent of both parties, I would definitely say that it is a form of slavery. Women and children are seen as much more vulnerable and prone to be victims of slavery as they are seen as the inferior gender. Throughout history, this type of sexism can be seen quite clearly, degrading young girls and women and making claims of male superiority. These restricting gender roles often isolate women or place them inside the household while men are the leaders and are in charge. One can even see from the lack of female rulers compared to male rulers throughout history that society is extremely directed towards men and patriarchal. The cultural influence on Saba’s influence to forgive her father was evidentally from the elders in the village. They pressured her and said that they did not want any conflict since both families lived in the same neighborhood; this concern is also voiced by Qaiser’s older brother. Saba says that she would not have forgived her father and uncle if not for this pressure because as both elders and as men, they have superiority over her. Furthermore, if she does not forgive her father, Qaiser’s family will also be looked down upon since Saba already ran away to marry Qaiser and now she is persecuting her own father for an “honor” killing. Economically, Saba must have realized that her father was the main, if not only, source of income for her own family. If he were to remain in jail for the rest of his life, or even 5 years, her own family would have suffered a great deal, unable to provide for themselves; despite the fact that they look down upon her and shame her, Saba does not want this to happen. Although I disagree with Saba’s choice to forgive, I can definitely understand her reasoning. It was a difficult choice that she was brave enough to make for her family and her in-laws as well as the community. Additionally, I think it was an extremely courageous choice to let her father and uncle go free, not knowning whether or not she would be harmed again. She has faith in the Quran and says that she may die at their hands again, but only God knows. I don’t think I would be able to have this kind of strength so I admire Saba greatly and can only hope that one day, I have half as much strength as her.
DeleteStephanie N.
NDSJ
Modern slavery is:
ReplyDeletebeing forced to work mentally and physically
Owned or controlled by an “owner”
Dehumanized or treated as property
Restricted movement
It is similar to the slavery throughout history because people are being dehumanized and treated as property for a goal made by the person in charge. Women in China were treated as property when they were forced to get married off to other families only to be treated as property by their husbands’ family. Many in the Atlantic Circuit were forced into labor to their owners. Some could have bought their freedom, but many could not and were stuck in a cycle of labor until death. Many who would be considered slaves also had very restricted movement. Slaves could not leave their owner’s property and women could not leave their husbands.
Bonded labor is found in many developing countries where people do not have stable jobs. Therefore they have to take loans out to support their family financially and then have to work it off with the loan sharks for a low pay, while the debt interest increased so much that the person cannot quit their job because they cannot make enough to pay their loan.
I think the history of the caste system definitely plays a role in bonded labor because the history of the caste system is what created the poorer classes and the discrimination against them. The poorer castes created a kind of superiority complex with the higher classes, making them believe that it is ok for the poorer classes to be dehumanized and treated in a cruel way.
Child slavery is a growing and serious problem because millions of children are forced into child labor. Many of these children are forced to work for little to no pay in dangerous jobs that could result in death. Many girls are married off to men and are then abused and never to be seen by their family again. I think this is a serious problem because children are essentially the future of our world, and when they are treated this way, it is basically treating our future without care.
It is economically disastrous because these children may die and never grow up to improve infrastructure and further benefit the economy by taking better jobs, but also they are forever stuck with bad paying jobs which makes them also unable to get a higher education for higher paying jobs. This soon lowers the amount of available children that can receive education for higher jobs, and the education and literacy rates decrease. This decrease means a lessening of jobs such as doctors, teachers, etc that are needed for infrastructure.
DeleteI consider it a type of slavery because it creates a relationship that is similar to the slave and owner, the child being the slave and the owner being their spouse. Also, it is against the child’s will, making it also child slavery.
Religious texts often used the word “man” for everything that God claimed to belong to. This created a kind of prejudice against women because they were “woman” not “man”. Children are also not considered to be mentally matured, so they are discriminated against with the justification that they are “doing it for their future”, when it is in fact just a ploy to hide that it benefits the parents more than the child.
Her family and her inlaws live in the same community, so the entire community is affected when something like this happens. They pressure her into forgiving because that’s what the community wants in order to make everything right again. She knows that her father is the only breadwinner of her family, and without him, her sisters and mother would most likely not have enough money to survive.
I think that her decision to forgive was right. It may show that this crime may be easily forgiven and forgotten, but in that world, honor is the top priority. I may not agree with the father's response, but I understand that family honor is what matters most to him. His response shows that he has forgiven his daughter because she has upheld the family honor, and the daughter’s response shows that she has forgiven him for the reasons why he did what he did. She may not forgive him yet, but she at least understands why he did what he did.
Tammy T.
NDSJ
1.Modern slavery is forcing someone to work through a mental or physical threat, someone who is owned by a controller or an ‘employer’, dehumanization of people, treating people as ‘property’ (buying and selling them), or placing a physical restraint on someone to prevent their freedom. Sometimes people are promised a job overseas to pay off the debts they have, however once in their destination they are controlled and unable to leave the job offered until the debt has paid off.
ReplyDeleteModern Slavery has much in common with the slavery from previous civilizations/time periods. The movement of someone overseas do work on a job with a slim chance of being freed is very similar to the atlantic circuit, where African victims were shipped overseas to work (for the most part) on plantations in the Americas. In the Roman empire, many slaves were people who could not pay off their debts, similar to the indebted victims of modern slavery.
2. Bonded labor is a form of slavery in which someone is forced to work to pay off a loan or debt that they owe, eventually trapping them in a job that pays them far less than what they work, and in which the debt can be passed on to other generations.
In modern times bonded labor can be found in the Punjab region of India, as well as other areas in South Asia. Many of these people are forced to work in brick kilns for little or no pay.
3. Yes, I think the history of the caste system in India plays a role in this type of bonded labor, because it is the strong taking advantage of the poor, with the poor having no way to get out of their situation that was present in the caste system and now the current situation. The ideology of staying in your current position and hopefully being moved up to a different social standing in the next lifetime/ that people in certain castes are meant to do certain jobs would encourage the inability of laborers to have a voice in the process.
4. There are currently around 5.5 million children involved in child slavery, around 168 million involved in labor. There are many children involved in child work, child labor, hazardous labor, child slavery, and child marriage.
The long term effects of child labor are disastrous for a country because it affects the child's ability to work and function, or even live, in the future. A community of healthy adults is much more likely to be economically successful than those that are traumatized, injured or dead. Additionally, a high child mortality rate as a result of hazardous labor for children can impede on a region's ability to be economically successful in the future by preventing their population from growing and or having less of a healthy working age population that they could otherwise.
Sophie K
NDSJ
5. I do consider forced marriage a type of slavery, depending on what the situation is. If it is a girl being forced to marry a man in a patriarchal society, then yes I do consider it slavery. In that situation the girl is often entering her husband's house as legal “property” with few to no rights or ability to have independence. Especially in cases where the women is not expected to (socially)/ cannot work for a living it makes her even more dependent on the man. In these cases the woman has no power or equality in the relationship and her future is now placed in her husband's hands. However, if it was a forced marriage for the man in a patriarchal society, it would be far less of “slavery” and far more of simply a burden on him, one that it could be possible for him to end (the marriage).
ReplyDeleteWomen and children are often more prone to being victims of slavery because they have been given less rights and are typically viewed as “weaker” than men. Since the agricultural revolution, when women and children do less of the hard labor they are seen as weaker and as less participating members of the family. As a result, they are often given far less rights than their (adult) male counterparts. With fewer rights and a smaller voice, it is easier to become the victim of slavery, and harder to get out of that type of situation.
The main character is being pulled to forgive by a fear of being outcasted both socially and economically. Because of the place in which she lived, it was considered dishonorable for her to run away, and justifiable for her uncle and father to try and murder her. In addition, she is being blamed for most, if not all of what happened. Not only that, but if she does not forgive them then her in-laws might be outcasted from the community, unable to get help from their neighbors and friends when they need it in the future, or unable to marry. This is a big threat to her family (in-laws) and a huge motivator for her to forgive her father and uncle. People might not hire the members of her family (in-laws), might not give them food or water if they are in need, not marry them or talk to them. And these could have consequences that negatively impact the family for years.
I think that the decision that was made to “forgive” was not really a decision or forgiveness. It was her being pressured by her family and community to release them from prison and to make amends in the community. However, while it saved their family from being outcasted, it meant that the ideas of the father and uncle are accepted. The idea that the sin of breaking cultural norms and customs was bigger than that of murdering a person, and the resulting “honor” of the father after the whole situation is now basically accepted by the elders and community. Even if it was already accepted, this new case has brought further affirmation of it. Additionally, the fathers nonchalant response to what he did, trying to murder his daughter, and his beliefs surrounding sin (as mentioned above) are now able to continue. The father says that it is God's will, even though he swore on the Quran that he would not hurt her and then did. Not only is that hypocritical, it is morally wrong and it perpetuates a patriarchal and victim-blaming society.
Sophie K
NDSJ
1. Modern slavery is slavery that continues to this day, but in different forms adapted to the current day and age. Some examples of modern slavery are women forced into prostitution, children and adults forced to work in agriculture, domestic work, factories, sweatshops, and families forced to work to pay off generational debts. Modern slavery is similar to previous types of slavery that existed through the Atlantic Circuit as some modern day slavery is still descent-based. This means that if someone is born into the ‘slave caste’, they live out their life as a slave. They are born into a life of exploitation, and live in the same conditions as slaves from the past. They are forced to work without pay, and are treated as property by their ‘masters’. They can be sold, given away, or inherited. They are often unable to receive education, and cannot marry above their ‘class’. Those who escape face discrimination and have few opportunities away from their ‘owners’.
ReplyDelete2. Bonded labor is a person forced into labor as repayment for a debt. The worker is then trapped into working for very little or nothing. Labor debts are often passed onto future generations. Today, bonded labor is often found in South Asia. The history of the caste system in India definitely played a role in this modern slavery. Slavery is more prevalent in countries with strict hierarchical systems, causing people of higher levels to see themselves as better than people considered ‘lower’. Eventually this mentality causes them to take action against the people lower on the social hierarchy. Bonded labor also is more widespread in areas with high rates of poverty, discrimination, and people willing to exploit each other. The discrimination allows people to think that how they are exploiting people is okay, and the high rates of poverty make some people desperate enough to accept the terms of bonded labor and become trapped.
3. The issues of child slavery are a growing and serious problem because many people do not know it exists, or do not see it as a problem. If this ignorance continues, it could lead to dangerous repercussions for the children involved. If people do not know that this is a problem, no action will be taken to better these children's’ lives, and they will continue living in the subpar conditions they are in now. The long term consequences to child labor are economically damaging because child labor, whether dangerous or not, takes away from the child’s education, development, and future. While they are making money at the time, once they are too big or too old to do the job they were trained to do as children, they will not have any way to make a living. All the time they should have spent in school learning they spent working. With an excess of people who do not have practical skills for earning a living, a country cannot survive. As time goes by and more and more children become subject to the labour system, the number of unskilled workers grows and the country is less and less able to keep up with their previous economic system.
4. I consider forced marriage a type of slavery because the women who are forced to marry people they want to are forced into enslavement. They may not be working in dangerous conditions for long hours, but they are still forced into something they do not want for the rest of their lives. Throughout history, women have always been seen as secondary to men. This way of thinking allows men to think of themselves as superior, which in turn leads to them feeling entitled to having women do whatever they want for them. Because they think they are better than women, they believe that women should obey them. This was shown through the documentary when Saba’s father talked about his wife’s reaction, saying that Saba’s mother could not do anything as she is his wife and has to listen to him. Children are more vulnerable, because they are not fully grown, physically or mentally, and can easily be taken advantage of. As Saba said in the documentary, she would not have forgiven her father and uncle except for the elders pressing her to keep society stable. In her culture, honor killings are continuously rising and being more accepted as a form of punishment, as is the release of the people who caused the crime, also known as “honorable men”. Saba was also thinking of her family when she agreed to let her attackers go. Her father is the only one in her original family that worked and was able to bring in money. Without him, the rest of her family would have no flow of income, and would not be able to live by themselves. By releasing her father and uncle, Saba made sure that her sisters and her mother would be well taken care of for the future. I do not believe Saba should have been pressured to forgive her father and uncle. Because cases like this keep happening, people are realizing that they can kill and get away without punishment. This leads to a rise in this type of crime, as well as a rise in guilty criminals getting away. The father’s response to his actions was similarly infuriating. He thinks of his daughters as pawns he can use to gain more money and honor among his community. He believed that what he did was right, and was proud of his actions. Saba is a strong woman to be able to allow the release of her father and uncle after what they did to her.
DeleteAnya M.
NDSJ
1) Modern slavery is coercing another human to perform or be held in a position they do not want to be a part of like forced labor, marriage, child labor, human trafficking, etc. Modern slavery dehumanizes the person and allows them to subdue to coerced labor by putting their life into another person’s hand. This is similar to the slavery that was present in the Atlantic Circuit because the people were forced into labor and are stuck in this never ending cycle trying to repay their price for freedom. The people in the Atlantic Circuit were also of different ages, and genders and were enforced under rule because of their racial descent as they were forced to comply because of their descendants’ identity as former slaves. In both modern and olden slavery, the human was no longer an individual but was seen as property.
ReplyDelete2) Bonded Labor is when a person is coerced into labor in order to repay a previous debt. The person is not given a fair pay and has very little rights. Debts are passed on from generations eventually bonding the entire family of descendants. Most cases are found in Africa, Caribbean, and South East Asia. Yes, I do think that the Indian caste system has something to do with this large amount of bonded labour because the persistence of bonded labour is due to the large amount of poverty present in the Indian society and this is because of the caste system. The caste system prevents the moving or fluidity between classes keeping the people within their caste limitations and further contributing more to the poverty found in the nation because those placed on the lower end of the spectrum (which is often a very large number) are unable to get the education and thus the opportunity to provide a better living for themselves which restricts them to their caste level which allows for more debt which then allows for increase number in bonded labour.
3) Child slavery is a huge, growing problem because it contains a very large community of children that have been forced into slavery, and is the most modern version of slavery seen in our daily life today. Child work is extensive, unfair, unethical, hinders a child’s education but at the same time acts as the main source of income for the child’s family. Child slavery is bondage in various forms including child marriages which coerce a different lifestyle on the child as well as takes away the childhood from him/her. Child slavery is extremely dangerous for the community because if continued, can create a huge gap between the amount of children due to child marriages, and can increasingly add to the poverty present in the country and maybe even further economically harm the country because the majority of the children would be doing petty jobs not being able to adequately provide enough money for their survival and continue to contribute to the disparity of wealth present in the country. Child labor forces children to discontinue their education which will further degrade the financial stability of the child, its family and the country in terms of economy but as well as technological development.
Aditi G
NDSJ
4a) Yes, I do consider this as a type of slavery because the person no longer has control over their life and are forced into marriage which changes their entire way of life completely. Saba was about to be forced into marriage and she took an action for her freedom which led to the violent actions from her father and uncle. If she had succumbed to the wishes of her father and uncle, she would have ended up marrying a man so much older than her and would have no rights over herself because she is just the property of her husband. Forced marriage is a type of slavery because the woman becomes legal property of the husband and is forced to obey him, and resistance from this obedience may lead to beatings, assault or even death.
Delete4b)Women and children are more prone to being victims of slavery because they are often seen as weak because of their inability to provide for their families. Throughout history, women have been neglected from the work force and have been designated to the home while the man has the power in the household because he is the money maker. Women and children are more prone to being victims of slavery because they are unable to getting real jobs because those are reserved for males. If a woman has lost her husband and she wishes to make money, she would become a slave to another person because of the lack of jobs for women. She would be paid way less than that of a man and would have to put out long hours. Similarly, children would also have long hours, do odd jobs, and get very less pay because they are slave laborers due to the fact that there is no value for their work.
4c) Living in a predominant Islamic community, Saba has been influenced by her religion and culture to make her decision to forgive. The high members of her community who are referred to as the elders, have compelled Saba to forgive her father and uncle in order to maintain peace within the neighborhood. Saba has stated multiple times that she did not want to forgive and that she would have never forgave them if it wasn’t for these elders. The reason why she listened to them was because if she didn’t, then her in-laws would be looked down upon and so would her maiden family and more disputes would arise from this situation. In this particular culture, listening to elders or the eldest males is the way most decisions are made and disrespecting the needs of the elders can be extremely dangerous (ie. her decision to not marry the man her father wanted her to marry). Economics play a role in this too because women are not seen in the workforce and those who are, will not be paid enough. Her father was the only money maker in her family and keeping him in jail would have made her mother and sisters suffer even more than they already were because she ran away. The cultural aspect has had a predominant role in Saba’s decision because it has accumulated fear for the safety of her families.
4d) I think that Saba had no choice but to forgive because of the societal pressures. If she did not forgive them, both her families would have had to suffer. Her maiden family would have no one who can earn money and her poor in-law family would be shunned from society. Her decision to not forgive would have led to more violence and concerns regarding her safety. The father’s response to his doings was absolutely astonishing because he felt no regret. In fact, he felt more pride and confidence regarding himself and his actions. This action of his brought him publicity within the community and has established an even larger patriarchal ideal in society. This documentary has definitely made me more grateful for the area in which I live in and the judicial system here which promotes safety and justice.
Aditi G
NDSJ
1.
ReplyDeleteA. Modern slavery is the continuation of slavery, often in the form of forced jobs such as prostitution, agricultural work domestic work, or things like factories, sweatshops, families working for nothing to pay off generational debts, or forced marriage.
B. This is similar to the slavery types in the Atlantic Circuit and areas of China, Rome, India, Russia, and many other places because there is still no consent to do so, the conditions are still often times very poor, and there is little to no repayment for their work.
2.
A. Bonded labor is the most common form of slavery, and is where a person is forced or tricked into working for little or no money, and the sum of their work is greater than that of the money they are working off. (I.e. they had already paid off their debts yet still had to work)This is found in India’s brick kilns, Nepal, and South Asia in general.
B. I do think the history of the caste system somewhat helped to play a role in that type of bonded labor. That is because all of the people involved in the labor side of bonded labor agreements were all lower class people tied to upper class. Since there was a prejudice existing that the upper class was better than the lower class and was superior in all ways, it translated to poor treatment and people taking advantage of the lower classes because they were thought of as “inferior” because of the history of lower classes/castes.
-Anna G
NDSJ
3.
DeleteA. The issues of child slavery are growing and are a serious problem because of various reasons. Children in child slavery are faced with poor work hours and conditions, forced to take part in armed conflict, forced child labor (i.e. kilns, mines, bars, restaurants, etc), and people using them for their own profit. It is estimated that as of 2012, there were 5.5 million kids in in slavery, trafficking, debt bondage, or other types, and 168 million child laborers. While the numbers may be declining, people are also paying less attention and thinking that it is no longer a problem. This means that less support and awareness is being brought to the issue, and the people trying to fix it find it harder to garner support.
B. The long term consequences for using child labor in countries is disastrous when it comes to economics for a variety of reasons. Because child labor takes advantage of such a large part of the community, and is so cheap, many times it is harder for adults and older groups to be able to find jobs. This creates a labor surplus in the area, because companies would rather use the children that they can take advantage of, rather than the adults of whom would eventually demand for better wages and working conditions. Because children do not have the capacity to think about equality and labor unions, they are much more likely to remain compliant. Also, the economy becomes dependent on the cheap child labor, and will disintegrate if it was ever taken away. And thirdly, often time schild labor severely hurts the children later on in life (i.e. twisted bones, poor lungs, etc.) and creates a large portion of the later adult community that is incapable of working because of the conditions they endured as children.
4.
DeleteA. I do consider forced marriage as a type of slavery. This is because in forced marriage, not only do you not have a say about who you marry, you cannot choose to back out of the marriage. Likewise, in slavery you have no choice about what jobs you are forced to do, and you cannot back out of the slavery. In both cases there is no easy, safe way to be able leave the arrangements, such of which were created without the consent of the main party.
B. Woman and children have a much higher likelihood to be victims of slavery. This is because throughout history, they have been the groups most susceptible to violence and discrimination just because of their gender and age. Children often do not know any better when it comes to the conditions of their slavery, since it often times is all they know and cannot remember times before they were brought into slavery. When it comes to women, they are more likely to be victims of slavery because of the supposed superiority that men hold over them. In many different civilization and societies, both in the past and presently today, men believe they are and act as though they are better than women simply because of their gender, and that ideal translates down to a dominant/subordinate type of suspected relationship between men and women. When women begin to believe in the {fictional} reality of that relationship, it begins to lend itself to a higher likelihood of slavery because they are the “lesser group”.
C. For Saba, there were several pressures on her to forgive her father and uncle. For one, her father was the one who went out and made money for their family, and if he was not at home, there would have been no one to provide for her family in terms of money and food and other items. Also, in an social stance, the Elders of her community were pressuring her to forgive the people that hurt her, because it would allow them to walk free from jail. Another reason was because it would keep from dishonoring her family and community, because there are so few public cases like hers (because most other girls are either dead or were forced to forgive).
D. In terms of Saba’s decision to forgive, I do not think I have the right to judge whether what she did was right or not. None of us have been in her exact position, and while we would ideally like to say that we would never forgive them because they do not deserve to walk free, there are several things that would make it very hard. For one, when the leaders of your community are pressuring you to do one thing, along with the leader of your {new} family, and your old family’s wellbeing depends on it, that is a lot of pressure. I believe that many of us would decide to forgive, just so it goes away. I think that we should not think about what the right thing was to do for Saba’s case, but rather think in terms of the reality of the options she had in front of her, and all in all the choice that she did make was the only one made available to her by the people around her. In terms of her father’s reaction to his own violent actions against his daughter, I think it is an example of one of the many things that needs to change about societies today. He was not truly remorseful; rather he focused on the benefits that his actions and her decision to forgive them brought to his family. Also, he did not change his view on forced marriages, but rather talked about how her actions would keep the family from doing what she did for generations more to come. I think that it shows how far the influence of certain ideals in society can be in the majority of people, so much so that they would rather kill their daughter than have “dishonor” by marrying a group lower than they were.
-Anna G
NDSJ
Modern slavery is when someone is forced into work, treated as property, and has their rights taken away. Often, someone else has power over them, usually through some kind of threat, whether mental, emotional, or physical.
ReplyDeleteIn the end, the concept of modern slavery is still the same as that of the Atlantic Circuit. A group of people has control over another, forcing them to work and restricting their rights. While there were some logistical differences (namely in where slaves came from and where they went), the basic idea is still there.
Bonded labour is being forced into work to repay loans. It is found in South Asia, especially in the industries of agriculture, kilns, mills, and factories.
The history of the caste system in India did play a strong role in bonded labour. Bonded labour primarily affects those of lower classes, and in India, those of the lowest caste, and allows those of higher status to exploit them. Because the caste system specifically prevents them access to education and justice, those in lower classes often cannot find a way out of bonded labour.
Child slavery grows mostly through ignorance, in two facets. The first is the general assumption that slavery no longer exists, which is false. The second is not knowing the distinction between child work and child slavery. While one is beneficial to a child’s development and growth, the other is not and is often detrimental. Children are extremely vulnerable to exploitation because of their young age, making this problem a priority for all of us to address.
Long term, child slavery will be disastrous. Instead of choosing their own path and having access to education and resources as they would if they were free, children are instead forced to remain menial laborers and cannot fulfill their true potential. Education is necessary for various positions that are vital to a country beyond manufacturing and menial labor- for example, law or bureaucracy. Even disregarding the vital need for those types of jobs, the whole population cannot all be menial laborers. There is a need for the minds who will innovate and bring prosperity, which child slavery takes away.
I do consider forced marriage a type of slavery precisely because of the name. A marriage can last a lifetime, and being forced or threatened into that kind of commitment is entirely wrong. In addition, in many parts of the world, the husband can exert dominance in the marriage and force his spouse into work like domestic chores or even rape her. The fact that two people are married can shield the fact that such coercion is a type of slavery.
Children are younger and can be exploited much more easily than adults can, simply due to lack of experience and trust in authority figures. They also cannot provide for themselves financially, which is a huge disadvantage. As for women, it’s a patriarchal world. They are pressured to go along with the decisions of their male family members, and if they don’t, they are isolated, threatened, and humiliated from and by their families or communities.
The cultural pull for forgiveness is due to the concept of honor. Saba supposedly took away her father’s honor by running away and marrying Qaiser. The community elders want to restore the respect and honor her father lost, so they pressure her into forgiving her family members. Economically, the motivation for forgiveness is in case of times of need. In case either family needs help, reconciliation would allow for them to cooperate and work together so they can both prosper.
Personally, I am really angry about this. The decision of forgiveness was obviously coerced and further hurts the cause of women not only in Pakistani society, but around the world. Each time something like this happens, it reentrenches the patriarchy and the global oppression of women. The father’s response to his actions also angers me. This twisted concept of killing your family members giving you honor and making others respect you is entirely wrong and, in the long run, only hurts everyone.
Daenerys P.
NDSJ
ReplyDelete1. A. Modern slavery is a violation of human rights in which people are forced to work or kept against their will for any reason.
B. It is similar to the slavery we have learned about in world history because people are not given freedom to choose their work or where they live. Often they are taken away from their families and completely separated from their old lives. There are no opportunities and the conditions they are forced to live and work in are terrible.
2. A. Bonded labor is a form of slavery in which a person’s labor is given as a form of payment. Usually a bonded laborer is payed little to nothing and has to take out more loans from their employer keeping them in the cycle of slavery. Sometimes employers will demand payment from future generations in the form of labor. It is a huge problem in India and Southeast Asia. Bonded laborers mostly work in agriculture and brick kilns, but they are also sometimes domestic workers and workers in mills and factories.
B. I think the caste system in India has played a role in present day bonded labor. The caste system was not fluid and so the poor people would be the poor people for generations and the rich would stay rich. Today there are still many poor people in India and they are still looked down upon. This has created the foundation for bonded labor, as the poor take debt in order to feed and take care of their families, but employers take advantage of their situation and trap them in slavery.
3. A. Child slavery is a growing problem because it has become global especially with trafficking and the conditions of child slavery are increasingly getting worse. Child slavery is serious problem because the conditions of it are so bad and harmful to a child’s development. Children are separated from their families and may experience trauma that they cannot cope with at such a young age. They are also exposed to serious health problems that can develop early and shorten their lifespan.
B. The long term consequences of child labor are disastrous because countries are losing future workers as children develop health issues and cannot work. Child labor is not sustainable and hinders economic development. It would be more beneficial for a country to have an educated generation that can develop technology and improve the infrastructure of a country. Instead child laborers are kept from having an education and cannot help develop the future and the country will fall behind both technologically and economically from the rest of the world.
-Gabby D
NDSJ
Delete4. A. Yes I believe forced marriage is a type of slavery because women and girls are forced out of their homes to new homes where they are often treated as property by their husbands. They do not have freedom to leave or make important choices for their families and they have no freedom to leave the marriage if they are unhappy or not treated fairly. This shows that there is a type of power and conditions that are found in slavery.
B. Women and children are more prone to be victims of slavery because they have historically been more vulnerable. Women and children have not had a voices for most of the past and still in some places of the world. It has historically been the elders and the men that make decisions and take the lead. They are also more likely to be victims because men express more power and have historically used that power for their own gain.
C. Saba is pulled to forgive by her new family as well as her community. It is pressed for her to forgive because culturally the incident was ‘honorable’ and the accused is her father and uncle so she is supposed to forgive them. The community does not want any conflict and they push her to forgive so that conflict will end. Economically she is with a poor family and cannot afford the case as well as the protection she would need if she chose not to forgive. Also her family is only supported by her father, so it is expected of her to forgive so that her father can support his family financially.
D. I think that her decision to forgive was not the ideal decision, but I understand her circumstances and why she had to forgive. It is sad because it sends out the message that honor killings are okay. I think her father’s response was horrible. There was nothing more she could do, but it is still horrible that he got away with attempted murder and didn’t even feel sorry about it but actually feels as if he is benefiting.
-Gabby D
NDSJ
1. - Modern slavery exists today through force, just as it did throughout history. It is enforced through threat or coercion, forced marriages, sex slavery, and treatment as less than human and instead as property. Many times modern slaves are forced into their work, through traffickers. This slavery similar to the slavery that existed throughout history in that it is forced labor for the good of the owner/buyer/trafficker while the slave is being wholly taken advantage of. Common in the areas of Europe and Russia, slaves would not be called slaves; they were referred to as ‘serfs’ and were told that they were making a living for themselves in service to a higher master. I find parallels to the modern day in that today’s prostitutes and child brides are not called slaves, but are still in the service of someone other than himself or herself. I see differences now though because the practice is supposed to be illegal, but it is still wildly published in the media. While slavery was legal in the past and is illegal now, there are still skyrocketing numbers (over 21million) of slaves. There are issues in the way we view these slaves as workers, because it’s not as if they went out on their own accord looking for the jobs they are forced to do, they were forced into their work and the free will was stripped away.
ReplyDelete2A. - Bonded labor is forced physical labor in order to pay a steep debt. In many cases because the work is valuable to the wealthy loaner of money, they keep their laborers on for generations – through which the burden of debt is passed. Often laborers are threatened with lack of supplies, lack of pay, and even brute force. It has become a huge problem because of poverty and continues to exist as wealthy high-class peoples force laborers into existence by not extending to them their daily necessities of health care, food, education, or even a few dollars. It exists in a large percentage of the Indian population, as people of low, undesirable caste are discriminated against. Just as it did when the Atlantic Circuit slave trade was made illegal, bonded labor continues to skate by underneath the law, even though the government is aware of the injustice to its people.
2B. - I believe that the caste system must play a role in the practice of bonded labor, because there has always been such a steep social hierarchy in India. It is usually that the lighter skinned, high born are the wealthy while the darker skinned are poor. The high born naturally think themselves better than the low and have little trouble exploiting them. In the past empires, the wealthy would occupy the majority of positions in government leaving no representation for the untouchables. The fact that the poor and needy are even called untouchables conveys such a deep separation of being between them and the rest of the castes. I think another reason there continues to be such discrimination is because it has always been such a taboo to marry outside of your caste. Since the castes have stayed the same throughout history, there has really been no way to move up the social ladder and bonded labor still exists because of the lack of societal fluidity.
3A. - Child slavery is a growing problem because we sometimes are unable to differentiate between what is slavery and what isn’t. For instance, there is a fine line between children who are of legal working age receiving payment for their labors to support their families and children whose labors are being exploited. There are a lot of grey areas when it comes to child slavery and that is where the word faces confusion. Children are taken from their homes in many places of the world to be placed in the hands of traffickers for their exploitation sexually, mentally, and physically. It is their vulnerability that adults are taking advantage of, but the issue that I see most with the practice of child slavery is the future. What are we to do when these child survivors of horrible torment, torture, and exploitation grow up to become the next generation? It is likely that they will be unfit for society in many ways (by no fault of their own) because they have been hindered from education/resources by an outside force. It is said that many children face toxic environments in their labors which could make them physically unable to work in the future, granted they survive their experiences currently, and making them even more destitute. They are mentally traumatized and many times a helping hand is not extended. It is because there is a belief that child slavery has ended that it continues to live on. No one is trying to stop it any longer.
Delete3B. - As stated in my previous answer, the children may grown older and be unfit for work. If a child is exploited to the max for their labors when they are young, they are being pulled at so much that they have no more opportunities to grow in their field. Though there may be a sudden surge of profits when child labor is first introduced, it is because are not being educated in modernization that the country may suffer in the future. If no growth is happening and grown up children are either continuing the practices and labor ways of which they were brought up, or they are unable to work at all, the country/region in itself will be unable to participate in the world market as it demands new technology and advancement.
4A. - I absolutely believe forced marriage is a type of slavery because in this marriage you have absolutely no say in what happens to you. I think that especially in societies in which men are seen as the dominant force in a marriage, women can be exploited within their marriage. The fact that there are free marriages in which the parties are abusive and beat one another makes the idea that one party being forced onto another even more threatening. Since at least one party in the marriage does not choose of his/her will to be there, there will inevitably be struggle adapting to a new lifestyle, but I believe that possibility that both parties are forced into a marriage of suffering can be more volatile. In a situation such as this, both parties can become abusive to one another creating an environment of heated anger and extinguishing any sense of love of commitment that is supposed to be present in marriage.
Delete4B. - Women and children have always been seen to be weaker, and therefore easier to take advantage of. In India women were place below the slaves on the social pyramid and female babies in China were slaughtered because of their sex. They have been seen as gifts to men and objects of men’s desire rather than equals. History has been a patriarchal people in which women and children are seen to have less skills, less ability, and less worth and as those ideas continue to the current generations it is obvious why women and children would be the first choice when exploiting.
4C. - It is admitted by Saba that she caves because she was pushed to forgive by the male elders of her community. It is because they do not respect women in their entirety that the elders feel an animosity toward Saba. She was proving her worth as a human person and exercising her right to live when their beliefs saw that she went against the will of her father – a crime in such a patriarchal society. Her culture requires that she submit or she will be shunned, and though it is her belief that she has been wronged, it is her societies belief that she is in the wrong. If she were to have continued in her efforts to persecute, she would have spent years rallying for her right, paying for a lawyer, and being denied respect by her people. Really, if she hadn’t forgiven her father and uncle she would be just as likely to be injured again, but this time by strangers who simply disapproved of her actions. It is because she was hurt that she became a figure of rebellion and disapproving glares. It is through no fault of her own that she became a disrespected spectacle while the men in her family became shining beacons of light as they collected gifts and praise.
4D. - I don’t think it would have made a difference if she forgave her father or not. Of course I believe what her family did to her was incredibly wrong and they deserve to live out their days in jail, but I see that she will always have people against her and because it is her custom to forgive and stick by her family she was obligated. If her father keeps his promise to stay away from her, I believe she is safer to forgive because if she had stayed strong to her beliefs in court, there would be strangers who would celebrate at the though of killing her for justice. Though they know she forgave her family for the sake of the society, they are happier with that outcome than the one in which a murderous father rots in jail. I believe her father’s comment about being respected and honored because of his action is absolutely disgusting because he sees no wrong in what he did, but mainly because society sees no wrong in his actions. He is venerated because he kept a grip on his daughter’s throat to keep her in line and the fact that he broke countless laws is tossed aside. The entire case makes it obvious that family is important to the culture – and sometimes even more important than laws or human rights.
Modern slavery is a practice that still continues today in forms such as prostitution, forced labor in agriculture, sweatshops, factories, and in homes, families forced to work to pay off debts and more. The “slave” is dehumanized in some way or another and is the property of an owner who gives them certain limits. This is similar to slavery in the Atlantic circuit because the slaves were bound by chains and were forced into labor against their will. They were in fact dehumanized and seen as the property of their owner. Slaves then carry many of the characteristics that were listed on the website for “what is needed for slavery to exist”. It is also similar to areas such as the Caribbean, Africa, and Southeast Asia who often practice bonded labour still in forms such as for agriculture. Africa has a problem with child trafficking in the cocoa industry. Not to mention other acts such as sex trafficking, sweatshops, and more
ReplyDeleteBonded labour is a form of slavery where one is forced to work to repay loans or debts. The majority are in debt bondage which makes them property of their owners until they can pay. This includes India who use bonded labour in their brick kilns most commonly. Bonded labour can be found in Africa, Southeast Asia, and the Caribbean. It is highly used in brick kilns, mills, on plantations, factories, and in agriculture. The history of the caste system in India may very well have been a large factor in the vast presence of bonded labour. The lower classes and untouchables often had to work very hard to earn anything at all for their family and sometimes begged. The fact that those higher up felt as though that had more superiority and more money made it easier for something such as bonded labour to become an issue. This allows for the lower classes to be in forms of slavery more easily and be used for work. The social struggle in India and increased rates of poverty are the main factors for bonded labour to occur.
For starters, one can see how big of a problem child slavery is becoming by the rapid increase of numbers of children in slavery. 5.5 million children in slavery is a large number, one that should not be so big today. This is an especially serious problem as the conditions are nowhere near suitable for a child, and these children are used for the profit of an owner. They are left to work in abusive conditions and become involved in dangerous trades such as drug trade. Some of the children are forced to work in the militia, and this is especially dangerous for them considering the risks that come with warfare. They work for little to no pay and hardly, if ever see their families again. With a large reliance on children to carry the work force ,the long term consequences for a country can definitely be bad. For one, these children are never properly educated, and with a world that is advancing economically, these countries will be behind in world affairs. This means that the country cannot truly develop if the children are not properly educated for a modernizing world. Also, with all the poor working conditions, it can be assumed that the children will suffer from diseases or other problems related to the work force. Therefore. The labor force of children will be diminished and countries will lose economic gain with no activity.
I do consider a forced marriage as a type of slavery. This is because those involved often have no say, and they are forced into something without freedom to choose. They are given restrictions to how they/who they can marry, and in a way are dehumanized because they are not treated with proper respect or given any thought to. With no consent and a sense of ownership given to the male, it as though the woman is property and belongs to the man, something commonly associated with slaves. In addition some of these marriages may be abusive, with poor health for the woman and poor psychological health as she is dehumanized and reduced to an object. Women and children are more prone to be victims of slavery because they are often sees as inferior or easier to dominate. Throughout history from patriarchal societies to laws that only benefitted the man, men were always seen as dominators and those with power and control. It seems easier to force women and children to work as they are more vulnerable and cannot fight back as easily. For Saba, she is pressured by society to forgive in order to restore honor to herself and her family. There is a pull for her to forgive in order to avoid conflict with others in the neighborhood and give her in-laws’ family a chance to live in peace as well. Economically, no one would hire them for jobs or want to do business with them as they have ignored the society and now have made enemies. Saba choose to forgive out of pressure from the elders and also to abide by the choice Qaiser’s older brother has made. She also realized that there would be issues economically for her family and her in-laws. With the men in jail for her family, her sisters and mother would have to fight to gain income. Her in-laws have already struggled before, and would not be given any mercy when begging if it ever came to that point again. I wish Saba would have stuck to her ground and chosen not to forgive them for their malicious acts. However at the same time, I see why she did it and might have done exactly the same thing given her situation. I admire her faith and the way she stands up for herself and her beliefs. I think the father’s response to his actions are disgusting and show no remorse for trying to kill his own daughter. I admire how Saba handled the whole situation, and how she took the risk of losing her life again. I can only hope that she continues to be a strong woman, and is an example for many other women so that men like her father slowly become less present
DeleteVanessa Aguayo
NDSJ
1.
ReplyDeleteModern day slavery is often in a the form of bounded labor. People are forced to pay a debt in a form of labor for little to no pay. This is very much similar to the slavery that happened in the Atlantic Circuit across the world. In China, citizens were forced by the government into labor by required participation in construction projects. In the Roman Empire, higher ranking men had patrons with a lower class citizens in order for a master subordinate relationship. India used slaves as house workers and in the military.
In Russia, serfdom was the relationship of a serf and a master, where the serfs were tied to the land to work with little pay. The similarity of the slavery in the Atlantic circuit and bounded labor is the use of unpaid labor as a main way that bounded both ends of the spectrum.
2.
Bonded labour is when a person is thrown into a situation of debt and has to work with little to no pay to pay it off. Though bounded laborers are usually threatened to stay, and many are not allowed to work for anyone else. It can be traced back to Africa, the Caribbean and South-East Asia, following the abolition of the Transatlantic Slave Trade. It is most common in South Asia in agriculture, brick kilns, mills, and factories. In Punjab India, hundreds of thousands are forced to quarries and brick kilns where they receive little or no pay in return for a loan typically used for survival, including medical costs. The caste system greatly affected the overall position of authority amongst people in a society, and no one in the caste system thinks about change in position. Since the lower class sees themselves as low, this mentality survives to this day allowing for this kind of slavery to happen.
-Amanda Huynh
NDSJ
3.
ReplyDeleteChild labor is a serious problem because more and more children are forced going into child labor, and by the millions. Even worse, children in child labor usually do not receive the proper education they need which will make it even more difficult for them to integrate in society if they ever do make it out. The worst forms are found in slavery, but not all child labor is slavery. The economical consequences of child labor are. disastrous, economically, for a country because, in an underdeveloped country, many people are most likely living in poverty. If we have a huge percent of the population living in poverty, children are more likely to help their families for economical support, putting them in a situation of child labor. With child labor they are unable to go to school, and with a huge fraction of a generation having little to no education could greatly affect a society's economy, especially when they are older. It is very difficult to get a job and participate in the country's economy if you are not educated.
4.
I consider forced marriage as a type of slavery because children are usually thrown into forced marriage to a much older adult. It can allow for a huge master subordinate relationship, and slavery like authority over the one that was forced to marry. Women and children tend to always be the most vulnerable to the environment of a male dominated society. The degrading of women does not help in the least, and children are far too young to know what is going on. They are more prone to become victims of slavery because of the layers of history that degrade them and devalue their abilities to things only meant to serve to a higher authority. The cultural and economic pulls to forgive are that honor killings are widely accepted in her society, and it is an economic struggle to prosecute someone. It can also lead to future dangers in the future, where she and her family could be shunned and never helped again. I think that in this society to "forgive" is only convenient to men and puts a huge disadvantage on women. The father thought he was absolutely right because it is considered normal and because he grew up in such a society that made him think the way he does. In a society that allows such things just goes as far to say that the events of history still linger in the worst parts of society today.
-Amanda Huynh
NDSJ
1. Modern slavery can involve bonded labor, child labor, early and forced marriage, forced labor, descent-based slavery, and trafficking. Modern slavery is usually characterized by being treated as property and being forced to work by a higher authority. This is similar to slavery that existed through the Atlantic Circuit as well as various areas of China, the Roman Empire, India, Russia, etc. because it consists of a form of control inflicted by one person on another person; the victims of modern slavery have restrictions placed on them and do not possess free will, just like the slaves of prior times.
ReplyDelete2. a) Bonded labor is the situation in which a person is forced to work for an “employer” in order to repay a loan or a debt. This is currently found in South Asia and was previously used to keep indentured workers working on plantations in Africa, the Caribbean, and Southeast Asia after the end of the slave trade.
b) I think the history of the caste system in India played a role in this type of bonded labor because the higher authorities believe that they have the right to demand work from people of lower classes due to their influential societal status. In addition, the history of the caste system may have caused the lower classes to believe that their sole duty in life is to labor for the high-ranking individuals, despite of the numerous hardships, and that they should not complain.
3. a) The issues of child slavery are a growing and serious problem because a large number of children around the world are taken advantage of for the work they can provide. Moreover, the circumstances in which the children labor can be extremely dangerous and detrimental to their physical and mental wellbeing. The children who have experienced slavery may suffer from trauma in the future and be hindered in their ability to show their full potential in society.
b) The long-term consequences to child labor are economically disastrous for a country because child labor prevents children from obtaining education, which would allow them to be qualified for a wide variety of job opportunities in the future. Moreover, the psychological damage that the children face inhibits them from thriving in society and working their way to success. Furthermore, the children are exploited by employers with private businesses and goals involving the enlargement of their personal wealth. Thus, in the long run, child slavery hurts the economy of the country.
4. a) I consider a forced marriage a type of slavery because the victim of a forced marriage has no say in the matter and may be dehumanized as a piece of property handed from one “owner” (father) to another (husband). Additionally, after the marriage has occurred, she may have restrictions placed on her freedom or movement by her husband in order to control her and be unable to leave her spouse.
Deleteb) Women and children are much more prone to be victims of slavery because they have possessed a subordinate position in society. Women especially have been treated as second-rate citizens and denied education, which is a key component that prevents them from entering a cycle that potentially leads to exploitation and slavery by informing them about the dangers and beginning signs of enslavement. Furthermore, women and children are viewed as weaker beings and are more likely to be preyed on due to fact that they are seen as easy targets.
c) The main character Saba is pressured to “forgive” her attackers due to the village elders’ command that Qaiser’s family and Saba’s natal family compromise quickly. If she does not do so, she will tarnish the reputation of Qaiser’s family in the society and thus hurt the ones she loves and cares for the most. In addition, her natal family will also lose the respect of their neighbors and suffer from financial issues, for Saba’s father is the sole breadwinner and cannot earn money to support his family if kept behind bars.
d) I think that Saba’s decision to “forgive” was right and wrong. In “forgiving” her father and uncle, she helped to restore the standing of Qaiser’s family in the community and prevented her natal family from suffering hardships related to the lack of money. However, this decision caused her father to be more respected and sent a message to others that what he did was correct, which is a reaction that is absolutely wrong considering his attempt to murder his own daughter. I am upset that Saba’s father believes that his violent actions towards his daughter were justified, as nothing can vindicate an attempt to end a priceless human life.
Jasmine L.
NDSJ
1. Modern slavery is slavery that occurs in the world today, even though slavery has been abolished in many places for a few centuries now, and is often overlooked because of that. The most common form of modern slavery is bonded labor. It is similar to the Atlantic Circuit because people are being used for labor, and are treated horribly because of it. As for Russia, they are like the serfs because they are tied to a certain person and expected to work for them, with little in return. Also similar to China, the Roman Empire, and India, slaves were not regarded as people, and had no rights.
ReplyDelete2a. Bonded labor is when someone is enslaved because they needed to repay someone. Most of the time, they work harder than needed to repay debt, and debts can pass down through generations. They are also required to stay with their “master”, and often times, violence and force is used to make they stay. It is commonly found in Africa, South East Asia, and India as a result of the widespread amount of indentured servants and abolition of slavery in the Trans-Atlantic circuit. Also, bonded slaves are tied to the system because they are too poor to leave, or because of their caste.
2b. I think caste plays a part because most bonded slaves in South Asia are Dalits, or Untouchables. As the lowest caste, they are seen as so little, and most of the time, not even human and were forced to do “unclean” tasks. This restricts them from having any political, social, or economic rights. Thus, they have no choice but to exploited for their labor because they are too poor, or will be discriminated against. Since many face discrimination, they are not able to get out of debt because of all the oppression they face.
3a. Child slavery is a huge problem and many people do not realize that it is going on in our world today. Children are exploited for their labor and are prevented from going to school, and well, just being kids. They literally have their childhoods taken away from them, and are forced to do work that can harm them both physically and mentally. Also, children are being sold into trafficking, or are married off as child brides. As a result, they are put into dangerous situations in which they are degraded and objectified. Also, child labor is continuing to grow because people use them as cheap, easily controlled labor.
3b. Child slaves and laborers are hindered from going to school and do not receive any political, economic, or social rights. Economically, this can hurt a country because it can decrease the amount of specialized workers, thus hindering production and industry. Workers do not know anything more than basic skills, thus hurting a country’s chance of competing globally through more complex labor from workers.
Delete4a. I absolutely do see forced marriage as slavery. Young girls have their innocence snatched away from them, and are forced to marry older men, who they do not know. Also, there is a high risk that they are abused or assaulted. They do not willingly marry their spouse, and have no say in anything at all, therefore taking away any rights they have. They are forced to do whatever their husband wants and are tied to him.
b. Historically, women were seen are “weak”. An example of this is during the Roman Empire, when women were seen as and treated as children, therefore not receiving rights. Along the same lines, children are weak and are not as developed, thus making it easier to enslave them. People take advantage of this weakness, or their perceptions or women, and think that it’s ok to enslave them because they do not know better.
c. In her area, the men are far more superior than women, and people value reputation and honor so much. She was advised by the village elders to forgive because it would prevent any further conflict between her birth family and in-laws. Also, if she did not forgive, her in-laws could have been put in danger and shunned by the rest of the neighborhood, especially because both families live in the same area. Economically, her father was the primary moneymaker for her family, and if she should not forgive him and keep him behind bars for the rest of his life, her family would suffer even more. Again, culturally, they will also be shunned, and their reputations would be severely tarnished.
d. I think that she honestly had no choice but to forgive because either way, there were consequences. Should she not have forgiven, both families would have been negatively impacted, but if she did, she still has that heaviness and pain in her heart. That being said, even though it was a very sticky situation, it was probably one of the best ones she could have made, considering she did not have many options. Also, it angers me how her father justified the shooting, by saying it was in the name of “honor” and that he had every right to do it because a woman needs to submit to males. Along with that, he swore on the Quran to not hurt her, but he broke this promise, saying that it was reasonable and okay.
1.Modern Slavery is a term that is used in current times to display an act of being forced into work, whether that be mentally or physically, being owned and abused within that work and or threaten of more abuse. Modern Slavery relates to being treated as property, and or has physical constraints/restrictions on where their limitations are of what they can do. There is many times where their job has led them to debt or get a job that puts them in this hole of debt and are basically are controlled until that debt is payed off. Many times there isn't so much as slave trading but slaves being re positioned throughout the world, in the Atlantic circuit many slaves passed through the middle passage and were forced into slavery such as the exports of slave from Africa. India's Caste system was a type of slavery as those in the lower caste had indebtedness to the higher caste and thus were force to work it off. The Roman empire which was built on slavery thrived off of the physical restrictions and the coercion of work placed on the slaves. China's Qin dynasty as well as Russian empire was placing slaves under threats and they as well forced to commit to work.
ReplyDelete2.Bonded Slavery is the most widespread, yet least known form of slavery in today's society. The person is tricked into working to "repay" of the loan that they have when in reality they are forced into a position where they receive little to no pay for their work, on top of that there is abuse, violence and threats, as well as harassment that forces them to stay in their position. Bonded slavery happens mostly in South Asia and Africa due to lower society placed people flourishing in the agricultural department and force there to stay. I believe that the caste system that is placed in India is a considerable factor to the amount of bonded Labor that is placed because of how the lowest class "untouchables" are the ones that are rooted into this time of labor and due to their societal position ultimately are unable to escape this cycle.
3. The issues with child labor only continues to get worse, no only are the children being put in a position that they are not ready for but they will end up growing up in a world where they are not prepared to reach their full capacity. Unable to enjoy the childhood that is clinging on to them they basically are set up for mental and physical trauma. The way that child labor is ultimately affecting the economy is by the children not being able to get any education and growing up without knowledge to obtain a job. They wont be able to suffice in other field besides the consistent labor they are already doing. With that in mind, the amount of exploitation of corrupt businesses only further the gap between the rich, middle class, and the poor.
Delete4. I see forced marriage as a way of slavery, as they are forced into a position they don't wished to be in. Women being forced into this type of marriage not only are being exhibited with the traits of slavery, that being they are abused, restricted, and have no control over what they wish to do. Throughout history, women and children have always been pushed aside for the men, because generally in society it was seen as men were the ones who did all the work and were the strongest of the family. Women and children are prone to such exploitation because of their vulnerability in the scope of our society, they are viewed as inferior to men and there fore are placed into slavery. They are felt to be weak and should be placed in the position of slavery.
The cultural and economic pulls of "The girl in the river; A price of forgiveness" was the village who wants to pressure the girl into forgiveness because of the reputation of the family would be destroyed. The father would be shunned and forever shunned. It would only further complicate things. As for economically, the father was the only source of income, so him being put away would create less money brought in for the family and they would suffer much more.
I agree with what you said in question three about how child labor getting worse influences and damages a country. These children are unprepared and uneducated for the future as you said. However, I think you bring up a very interesting point as I did not think about the mental and physical trauma that these children go through when they are coerced into any type of slavery whether it be forced labor or marriages. I recently read several articles about the way in which one's childhood and the environment they grow up in impacts the rest of their life. The traumatic experiences these children are forced to endure will forever haunt them and perhaps prevent their success, thus in turn preventing the success of the country overall. Governments invest in education and schools for a reason: because children, the next generation, they are our future. They are the country's future: future leaders, future CEOs, future innovators and groundbreakers. If child labor continues to grow on this scale, eventually, there will be few to zero children left that are educated and are provided with the materials they need to succeed. How can a country be expected to grow and prosper if their children are not educated, instead all oppressed. People want child labor because it is cheap and they want to make more money, but they do not think of the long term consequences. If children are no longer educated and are instead in this system of forced labor, there will be no one to innovate or work and the country will only go down.
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ReplyDeleteModern slavery occurs in many forms such as forced prostitution and forced work to pay off generational debts. Modern slavery involves the following characteristics: forced labor, dehumanization, restriction of freedom of movement, and belonging to an owner. It is similar to the slavery that was present throughout the Atlantic circuit as well as various areas of China, the Roman Empire, India, Russia, etc. Both forms of slavery involved dehumanization and forced labor. Slaves had a restriction of freedom of movement due to the restrictions that their owner set upon them. Even though there isn't the same market for modern slavery as there was in the atlantic circuit, the purpose behind it is the same: for labor but in an illegal and immoral way.
ReplyDeleteBonded labor occurs when a person is forced to do labor in order to repay a loan. It is found primarily in the Asia-Pacific region as well as Africa.
I think that the history of the caste system in india did play a role in this type of bonded labour. This was because in most scenarios, people who were poor borrowed money from the rich. In order to pay back the loan, they were forced into bonded labor. In a way this related back to the caste system in India where the poor had to look up to the rich. Here, it is the same with the poor depending on the rich to survive.
The issues of child slavery are growing because it is seen as a way for children to develop skills and benefit the rest of society as well as it is seen as a way for children to help sustain their families by having an income. The exploitation of children is also seen as a benefit to some people. It is a serious issue since there are over 215 million child labourers as of 2008. This number is extremely large. Child labor can be disastrous economically for a country since I reduces the amount of people who can actually grow up and start businesses. With all the children forced into labor that benefits the individual who had forced them, there is no new generation that can help benefit the country economically in the long run.
DeleteI do consider a forced marriage to be a type of slavery. It forces a person to be in a relationship for life that they do not want and it restricts their freedom to be with the person they do want to be with. Also, in some cultures where there is forced marriage, the woman who is forced to marry is then subject to whatever her husband wants of her. This could be a violation of the woman's rights and freedoms as she now has to obey whatever her husband asks of her. Even though the relationship can evolve into true love, it still started as a form of slavery because it violated the rights and freedoms of the people involved.
Women and children are much more prone to be victims of slavery due to their lower place in society to men. Women were subject to men and it therefore put them in a lower, weaker position. Children also couldn’t make their own living and therefore were subject to whatever their parents did and said.
The main character was forced to “forgive” her father because of the cultural and economic consequences that would come if she did not forgive. Her culture forced her to forgive because her culture upheld honor and the attempt at her life was done because of that honor. To her culture, it was the right thing to do. Economically, her side of the family would have suffered because her father, the only man, would have been in prison and not have been able to earn money for the family. Her in-laws would have also suffered because they would have been shunned from the rest of society and may have been prevented from working.
I think that the decision to “forgive” was the right one. She was not given any choice and had to forgive for the benefit of herself and her family, both old and new. She had to formally forgive in court, but she will never be able to forgive within herself. That being said, I think that the people in the society should not have forced her to forgive. They had no concern for her as an individual and only upheld their firm beliefs for the benefit for the men of the society. If the consequences of her not forgiving were not present, I would not agree with her forgiving. However, since so much was at stake, I think that it was in the best interests of everyone involved that she forgave.
I think that her father was foolish into thinking that what he did was justifiable and righteous. He put his religion before his own daughter and was quick to disown her. He also didn’t think that he was in jail for attempting murder, but that his daughter and her husband put her there. I also think that his actions were not justifiable since he only justified them by saying that the Quran does not say anything about his daughter’s actions and therefore his daughter must be punished whereas even though his actions were not in the Quran, they were honorable.
Delete1.) Modern slavery is the illegal practice of individuals of all ages being forced into undesirable labor such as prostitution, agricultural work, sweatshop work, and more. This has many similarities to slavery that existed through the Atlantic Circuit as well as various areas of China, the Roman Empire, India, Russia, and etc. Reason being is that the laborers are often held captive under threats, surveillance, and lock and the workers were and still are forced to work with little or no payments and help.
ReplyDelete2.) Bonded labor is labor enforced through debts and usually involves little to no paid labor and human trafficking. This is occurring in third world countries in Asia and Africa. Bonded labor usually persists in agriculture and kiln mills. It also results in the abduction of family members or loved ones and the sexual abuse of women. Bonded labor is also the most practiced form of slavery, but very few have heard about it and some governments have done very little to fix this problem.
The Indian caste system does play a role in slavery. Slavery is always targeted to the minorities of societies, in which the ‘untouchables’ in India are always treated like unfairly. It has been that way in the past and in the present.
3.) According to the International Labour Organization (ILO), around 5.5 million children are enslaved around the world. Child slaves around the world are forced to engage in commercial sex acts, begging, domestic servitude, petty theft, and even the drug trade. To make matters worse, there are about 168 million child laborers aged between 5 and 17 years old (ILO 2012). Often times, child laborers are forced to work in huge commercial plantations and sweatshops. Although there is a difference between child slaves and child laborers, the horrible conditions, that both groups of victims are forced into, are virtually the same. Children, especially in sweatshops, fields, and the sex industry, are an extremely popular choice for exploiters because they are not really capable of resistance. In the minds of exploiters, children are an easy, fast, and cheap way to make a lot of money. Enslaved children and child laborers usually do not have access to a proper education and decent living conditions. The lack of a decent education prevents most enslaved children from running away and seeking a better life, keeping them trapped in a vicious cycle of poverty, violence, and slavery.
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DeleteI find it interesting that your third response resembles my previous response word-for-word. I guess great minds think alike... Nevertheless, I agree with the connections that you made in your first and second responses. Modern slavery is definitely influenced by the different forms of slavery that were present in the Roman Empire, Russia, the Americas, China, and India. I just think that it has become a lot more covert and commercial. I also agree with your second response. The lower castes in Indian society, or the "untouchables", have always been oppressed and exploited by the higher castes. It is unfortunate that circumstances have still not changed.
DeleteModern slavery is when people are forced to work, when they are owned by a specific person, treated like an object rather than a person, and restricted from doing certain activities.
ReplyDeleteThis is similar to slavery that existed in the various countries in that both back then and now, slaves were owned by a specific person, and the slaves were not treated as humans. They were treated like objects who were bought and sold by different people. They were forced to work then and even now they do not have much of a choice. In both modern slavery and the slavery that existed throughout history, people were treated poorly.
Bonded Labor is when people have to work to repay a loan, but once they are done repaying the loan, they are tricked into working for little or no pay. Bonded labor is found mostly in the Asia-Pacific area.
I think that the caste system in India definitely plays a huge role in bonded labor. The fact that the castes largely determine a person’s economic stability is largely determined based on their caste shows that there are a lot of people who do not have a lot of money. From most of these stories, it is clear that those who were affected had very little and were from either the lower castes or minorities in their communities.Because of their need for money, people who are at the bottom of the caste system in India are sucked into the system of bonded slavery.
There are over 160 million child workers, and many of these children work in poor conditions. Many children are put to work instead of getting an education, and the “work” they do includes slavery, trafficking, prostitution, and other various types of forced labor. This problem is becoming more and more serious because it is stopping children from getting an education and doing other activities that children at their age should be doing.
In the long run, child labor is disastrous for the country because it is reducing the number of people who will be in the work force. When children cannot receive their education, they can’t go on to get a proper job. They end up stuck in the cycle of slavery and forced labor situations. They do not add to the country’s labor force, which means that there are a number of people who could have been qualified workers, but were denied the opportunity because they were forced to work as young children.
I think that it depends on the conditions of the marriage. I think this because sometimes, forced marriages can end with the two spouses growing to like or even love each other. The marriage does not necessarily have to be one where the woman is treated badly. If in the marriage results with the woman being treated badly and having to work under poor conditions, then yes, the marriage is a type of slavery. In my opinion, the forced marriage is only slavery of the woman is being treated badly. Since at the moment, most forced marriages result with the women being treated badly, it would be considered slavery.
Women and children are more prone to slavery because at the moment, they are the ones who are denied most rights. They are the “weakest” is society, according to some, and because of this, they are easily able to be picked on and treated badly.
DeleteIn the movie, Saba was forced to forgive because her society was pressuring her to do so. Because she was younger than many, and she was also a woman, she had to listen to the elders, who were all men. She was also pressured to forgive because if she did not do so, her family would lose their sole breadwinner. Her family would slowly go broke. These reasons caused her to have to “forgive” her father and uncle for what she did.
I was shocked that people would make her forgive her father. If I were in her shoes, I do not think that I would have been able to forgive her father for committing such a horrible crime. I would probably have shunned him for the rest of my life. I think that this decision was upsetting not only to her, but also to us, because we could see how horrible the actions of her father were. When I heard that her father was glad that he shot her, and that he would do it again, I was so appalled. I think his attitude was ridiculous. At the end of the movie, when he says that he would let his other daughters live in the fear of him shooting one of them too, I was so shocked, and so disgusted. I did not think that it was possible for anyone to commit such a crime and be proud of it, but clearly I was wrong.
1. Modern Slavery is categorized as bonded slavery which is completing physically taxing jobs for little to no money to earn a living as well as forced labor which is obviously enforced with brute force and threats. Forced marriage can also fall into the category of modern slavery because some relationships turn into a situation where the woman is waiting hand and foot under a dominating man. This is similar to slavery that existed in the Atlantic Circuit and in different places like China, India and in the Roman Empire because it is a huge economical support and this highlights the fact that something is okay in society as long as it upholds the country monetarily and not morally.
ReplyDelete2.Bonded Labor is work done performed for compensation to repay a loan. This is a gray area because one can take advantage and work those in debt over time because tasks can't be converted into money value. People in these positions often end up over worked and underpaid and ultimately have no say so because of the dire situation of food being provided and health benefits being given. I do think the caste system mentality and oppressive institution had to play a part in the success of bonded labor because those who were rich were getting richer off of the work of the poor people who did the grunt work. Families and generations with the same mentality pass that down and that situation becomes what's familiar and followed. There are many people who are literally bonded and held up in these kind of situation; approximately a minimum of 11.7 million in just the Asia-Pacific region alone. This makes bonded labor a big issue because its normally in impoverished countries and those who are in debt are poor which makes the caste system theory a reality.
3. Child Labor has been used as a means of economical support in almost every region of the world. Growing number of children working from the ages of 5 to 17, which in fact is the time where kids are molded and in the prime, as nearly and sometimes literally worked to death. Long hours, deplorable conditions, and the epidemic of the lack of education are just a few of the categories covered when discussing child labor . Numbers are outrageous as it pertains to kids who are working for money or to make a living; 200 million to be exact. Long term consequences and economic consequences of child laborers are the fact that the kids are physically and mentally inadequate to be productive. If these kids are ignorant and beggars, they will grow to be the same way because no one molded their mentality while they were young.
Yes, I totally agree that child labor is a very serious issue in the world today as so many children are forced to worked under deadly conditions, and the numbers just keep growing. However, I respectfully disagree with what you said about child laborers growing into ignorant beggars. The children are not ignorant; the people who support child labor and take advantage of these children by treating them as slaves are ignorant because they do not realise that what they are doing is wrong and inhumane. It is not the mentality of these children that is the problem but rather is it the mentality of those that use child labor as a means of gaining money. In the long term, this is actually harmful economically because it allows only the business owners to gain money, while the laborers struggle to survive with the very low wages they receive and human rights abuses they face, thereby increasing poverty.
DeleteMahima
ND
1. Modern slavery is slavery that exists today in many different forms, such as child labor, prostitution, and bonded labor. This is similar to slavery that existed in Russia, where most of the population consisted of serfs, who were basically treated as slaves and had to work on the lands of the wealthy. In the Atlantic Circuit, slaves were transported to places in the Americas to work on land as well. Forced marriage is another form of modern slavery and it was seen in India as girls had to marry at a young age to someone that was a lot older than them, and this creates the notion that girls are inferior to men. In west Africa today, modern slavery is seen through the chocolate industry in which human trafficking and child labor are huge problems.
ReplyDelete2. Bonded labor is when someone works under an employer in order to pay off a debt. Bonded labor is seen in India because people who are poor have to take loans in order to survive and then the children of the family are forced to work to pay off the debt. Yes, I think the history of the caste system in India played a role in this type of bonded labor because the cast system affects one’s economic status and how one is treated/viewed in society. Those in a lower caste have to take loans from those in higher castes, and then work for them to get money and clear their debt. This is seen in the story of Mathura and Dolamani Bagh who would work for their landlord for sixteen hours a day under very harsh conditions to get money, and the amount they would get for their work was still very little. The caste system in India creates the idea that some people are better than others and deserve more rights than others. Because of this idea, people are dehumanised and abused, which fuels the problems of bonded labor.
3. Victims of child labor are abused, forced to work in unhealthy and dangerous conditions, and exploited through acts such as prostitution and pornography. Child slavery is a growing and serious problem, as 5.5 million children are currently in child slavery, according to the International Labour Organisation. In the short term economically, child labor might seem good for businesses because it allows for cheap labor and more production, which is why child labor is a growing issue. However the long term consequences are disastrous economically for a country because it perpetuates the cycle of poverty as children barely receive any pay for their work, and all the profits of their labor go to the businessmen. With all of the wealth accumulating among a small group of people at the top, the wealth gap in society widens and the country is weakened as a whole both economically and socially.
4. Forced marriage is a type of slavery as it is an abuse of their rights because it infringes upon women’s freedom of choice and essentially dehumanises them as they cannot follow their own will. This form of slavery forces people to live with someone and follow the rules of their partner. Women and children are more prone to be victims of slavery because society sees them as weak and vulnerable. The negative and sexist attitudes towards women in society promotes male superiority, making women prone to be victims of slavery. In the movie A Girl in the River: The Price of Forgiveness, Saba who was abused, beaten, and almost killed by her father and brother in law for marrying Qaiser had to decide if she wanted to forgive them. In the end, Saba forgives them (allowing for their release from jail) because culturally, she needs to forgive to preserve her family’s honor, and economically, her family will not survive if she does not forgive because they will lose all respect, popularity, and financial standing in society. Saba was pressured into forgiving, and she said that if the elders didn’t pressure her she would never have forgiven them. I find it really unfortunate that Saba was not able to get what she truly wanted and that because of societal pressures and expectations her father and brother in law went unpunished for committing such a horrible crime. It is very hard for me to understand his father’s response to his violent actions towards his daughter. He says that he was justified because it was an honor killing, meaning that he did it to preserve his and his family’s honor, however I do not agree with his logic because killing his own child just because she married who she wanted to marry is wrong to me. I think it is very sad that the punishment for Saba just for marrying Qaiser is near death and shame, and the punishment for the father/brother-in law for beating and almost killing someone is nothing; the father only gained more respect after the incident because everyone thought he did the right thing.
Delete- Mahima
Modern day slavery although it is seen as mostly human trafficking and bonded labor, it can also be forced marriage. This all is very similar to what they did in the Atlantic circuit because honestly even though slavery has died down over the years it is still very much alive and because of it most of the things that are done now are the same things that were done back then such as the bonded labor against certain races and minorities and human trafficking which was and is done everywhere including Russia, Europe and other places.
ReplyDeleteBonded labor is a type of slavery in which a person and or even their family have to work off their debt from an employer or person who they owe money to. Most times working for no money and for much longer than is needed. Many times the debts will even be passed down from generation to generation. I think India's Caste system has had a huge part on bonded labor as since it only really affects the untouchables class. It has to do with them being poor and their reliance on money and shelter thus them going and getting loans that the loan collectors know they wont be able to pay off, therefore they exploit the people and the whole system.
Child labor although serious enough is becoming more serious because of how many children are doing hazardous work. At this time there are over 5.5 million kids doing child labor and that is a very scary number and its even worse than this as some kids who are forced into marriages under the age of 15 can be seen as going through terrible things as well that can also be considered or seen as slavery. Although to some people it can be seen as good for the economy it is honestly terrible for everyone involved as all it does is exploit kids for little to no pay and can most of the time bring harm to the kids which can stunt their growth among other terrible things it already does to kids working at such a young age.
I think what you said about the caste system affecting bonded labor is very true. Due to how the system is set up, those at the bottom will stay at the bottom for very long, maybe even generations. Due to this, many people are so poor they can't help but be put into bonded labor. I think you're right that this system really affects the untouchables, even today. I also agree with what you said about how child labor actually hurts the people, even though some people claim that it is helping the economy. This is so true, because these children are being denied their right to an education and to achieve a better life. Even if child labor helps the economy, it is only short term. If those same child had gotten an education and better-paying jobs, the economy would be much better. Child labor, like you said though, is not just about the economy. It is also negatively affecting the children because they are put through inhumane conditions at such a young age. There are many points that you brought up that I had not really though about until I read this. You are right though, child labor hurts the kids a lot.
Delete1. I like your connection between the Atlantic Circuit and modern slavery. It is true that the Atlantic Circuit is similar to today's human trafficking in the fact that people are taken against their will to another location.
Delete2. I agree that the caste system in India was a big part of bonded labor because of the Untouchable status. The Untouchables, as well as the Sudras, need the money to survive, so they took whatever jobs they could.
3. I agree with all your points about the negative impacts of child slavery. You brought up a lot of impacts that I didn't think of also.
1 Modern slavery is when families are forced to work for little or no pay in order to pay off generational debts. This is forced labor to ensure that all debts are paid off. There are many other forms of modern slavery like, human trafficking, child labor, slavery in supply chain, forced into early marriage, and the exploitation of migrant workers.
ReplyDeleteSlavery is similar to the previous Atlantic circuit system because it forces workers through physical and mental threats. People are still treated as "property" and treated as commodity
2 Bonded labor is when an employer loans a lump sum of money to an employee in that employee must work to pay off the loan. It is up to the employer to determine when the loan has been paid off. Employees cannot realistically will leave the employment. Employers often use violence directs and surveillance to make sure workers continue to work until all debts are paid off.
Bonded labor occurs in Punjab,Haryance, and Chandigarh all among the poorest states in India.
Bonded labor is also in the Nepal under two circumstances. The first is known as Kamaiy mostly affects the indigenous to Tharu community in the western plains of Nepal. This is primarily agricultural labor, because of the worker receiving little to no wage they must continuously borrow more money for food and medical expenses causing them to be trapped in a cycle. The second circumstance is Haliya. This is also an agricultural bonded labor system but in the western hills of Nepal.
I do believe history of the cast system plays a major role in bonded labor. Many of the stories told in our of the least the poorest and most uneducated in the cast system. Many people who were at the bottom have no money so they become desperate to obtain money and taking one load at the Time doesn't seem like a bad idea after that one people can't stop borrowing and become stuck for life.
3 The issue of child slaves is a growing in other countries. Children are being, traffic into forced labor, Maier forced to marry at young ages, and prostitution. This is a serious problem because many children are abducted and have no contact with their families. People who clean that child labor it will help the economy are speaking false information. When children work they will not be able to go to school and get an education. When they grow and would like or need to change their job to support their family they cannot. They do not have an education or skills to obtain different jobs. These people become burdens on society and have children born into The same situation they were born into and thus begins another never-ending cycle.
I think it's really interesting that you see the grown up children of slavery becoming burdens to society. I understand where you're coming from as I too made the connection that since a child won't receive and education while being forced to work, they will not be formally educated, but I don't think that necessarily means that they will become a burden to society. It is a horrible mess that they are unfortunately drawn into as children, but I think it will reflect more wholly on the country than the specific people. The country utilizing child labor will have raised an entire generation with a lack of skills, therefore being unable to produce new technology and I believe falling prey to other more advanced societies. It's an extremely poor outcome, but many governments see the surge of profit from labors more useful than a future of creators. Though you say the children will grow up to become burdens and I understand where you're coming from, I think the issue weighs more heavily on the country's economy as a whole and not just social standing.
Delete1. Modern slavery takes many forms, and affects all kinds of groups of people. The types of modern slavery that are evident in the world today are bonded labour, child slavery, early/forced marriages, forced labour, slavery based on descent, and human trafficking. Most of the time, modern slavery includes more than one of these kinds of slavery. Forced and child marriages that occur today are very similar to the kinds of slavery that existed in India and China. Both of these areas had very early marriage ages for girls, some of whom were promised to men at birth. Forced labour today is also very similar to the slavery in the Atlantic Circuit, in which Africans were taken from their homes and forced to work under brutal, dehumanizing conditions in the Americas on sugar and cotton plantations. Some Africans were also made domestic slaves, and today, similarly, people are forced into domestic labour.
ReplyDelete2. Bonded Labour is a form of slavery when a person is forced to work for someone else in order to repay a loan. They are trapped into working without pay, with their work often out-valuing the debt they had to pay in the first place, and the debt often gets passed down to the next generation. Today, it is found mostly in South Asia, especially in the state of Punjab in India. I do think that the history of the caste system plays a role in this kind of bonded labour, because despite the caste system being outlawed in India, many people still believe in it. People of lower castes, and generally of darker skin, most likely receive less resources and benefits from the state, are treated unfairly, and unable to find work. This leads to bonded labour because they have no other choice than to take loans and work for very little pay.
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Delete3. There are about 5.5 million children in slavery around the world, and 168 million child labourers. These children are forced to participate in prostitution, pornography, begging, theft, drug trade, forced labour, armed conflict, and domestic work. Child labour can, and often does, result in little or no education, and the worst kinds of child labour taking place in very dangerous environments, can permanently damage children’s health and development, and can even kill them. Although some people say that child labour earns money for an area, the long-term effects are that the children do not have enough education to get better jobs that will help the economy as adults. Health problems also mean that children cannot work at certain jobs, or cannot work at all, further damaging economies.
Delete4. I do consider forced marriage a type of slavery. In arranged marriages, both parties give their full consent to the marriage. However, in forced marriages, they do not. They leave the people involved without any choice; they have to obey and get married to a person they don’t want to or face the consequences, and as we saw in the documentary, those consequences can be death. Slavery means owning someone and forcing them to do something. In the case of forced marriage, the parents or whoever is arranging the marriage own the children and force them to marry someone else.
Women and children are probably more usually the victims of slavery because they are considered to have less worth than men. Men have historically been the most powerful members of a family, and have been seen as the sole support of the family, and the strongest member of it. Since people believe that women and children have no use at home, they are often sold or given into slavery so that they don’t need to be provided for anymore, and so that they “benefit” the country’s economy.
Economically, her family would have no means of surviving if Saba hadn’t forgiven her father because he was the only one who held a job in their family. She didn’t want her mother and siblings to suffer, which meant forgiving her father. Culturally, if she hadn’t forgiven her father and uncle, she and her in-laws would both suffer. They would be shunned by the rest of society, especially the important men of the village. They would never have their support again if they ever needed help.
I think that Saba had no other choice than to forgive. I believe that most people would do the same if they were in her place. If she didn’t forgive, so many around her that she cared about would be the worse for it. I think that the father’s response to his actions were disgusting. He said that he nurtured and took care of her - and yet he shot her and left her for dead. The fact that he didn’t regret his actions and only asked for forgiveness to be freed from prison shows is disturbing. I also disliked the way he talked about his wife’s reaction to his actions. He demeaned and belittled her, saying that her opinions and wishes didn’t matter.
Reva Kakaria
NDSJ
This comment has been removed by the author.
Delete1)Modern slavery is slavery that exists today in different ways such as sweatshops, prostitution, etc. This is similar to slavery of older cultures because the people are forced to work, they receive no payment, and they are treated as property.
ReplyDelete2)Bonded labor is slavery that is for a “repayment” for something like money that is owed and is mainly found in Africa, South-East Asia, and the Caribbean. I believe the history of the caste system in India played a role because the caste system made people believe that one person was better than the other. The caste system came to be illegal per se but the people of India still believed in it which caused a lot of people to still have “power” over others.
3)Child labor is a problem because of how it spreads and how many places are affected by it. Most of these children are said to work in sweatshops making clothes and electronics respectively. For an economy, child labor is destructive because, of course, children are the future. They are made to marry at a young age mainly to soldiers and for the child, this is detrimental to the way they will live the rest of their lives.
I agree with you on what modern slavery is, but I think there is more to it in regards to historical connections. In the past slavery has not only been forced work but it is also a loss of freedom regarding speech and movement. Slavery has also been a force that separates families and harms cultures. I also agree with your take on why child slavery is a problem, but while you said why it is a problem to the child I think you left out a couple things about why it is harmful to the economy and community. It is harmful for the future because while children are working they are not getting an education. And like you said, children are the future and it is impossible to have a growing and prosperous future of children's education and health is not prioritized.
Delete-Gabby D
NDSJ
I agree with how you think child labor is a problem because of how widespread it is, but I also think that part of the problem is the conditions that the children are put through, the amount of hours they work everyday, and the potentially dangerous jobs that they have to do. Some of the jobs they do can affect their health. Also if children are working all the time they do not have very much time for their education which does not help them out of the situation that they are in, but rather continues the cycle of child labor as they struggle to support their family later in life and then need to have their children work as well for the extra income.
Delete-Jasmine C NDSJ
Modern slavery is basically present day slavery where people are being paid a very little amounts for the work they do. The amount they are being paid is not a nearly sufficient amount, they are often treated like property, violate human rights, are restricted of what they can do, and cannot get out of their situation. Some of the types of modern slavery included child slavery, trafficking, early and forced marriage, being born into a slave-like class. This is similar to the slavery that was present before because those people also were forced to work in conditions and treatment that were inhuman. They both also have very little to no rights. The slaves Atlantic Circuit, China, Rome, India, and Russia were not protected by any law and were treated as if they were property.
ReplyDeleteBonded Labor is when a person has to make a repayment for a loan, but the person is trapped in a place where they are paid hardly anything. In the end, the work they do is much more than what they had borrowed, but the debts stay are passed on to generations. Bonded labor has come from areas such as Africa, the Caribbean, South-East Asia, and after Transatlantic Slave Trade ended. The employment for brick kilns is one example of bonded labor. It uses a large part of the poorer parts of India’s society. The people receive a loan but have to work at the loaners industry/business until they pay off that loan. However, the employer is the one who decides when the debt has been paid back. In the brick industry of India, the workers do not get the full rights that other workers would get which because it is not considered a formal sector, as in the industry does not have government interference or supervision. Workers are not told how much they have earned because their money goes to paying back their “debt.” However, workers often have to take even more loans to pay their debt by its due date, which keeps them in a cycle of this slavery. Violence is very common in forms of physical and sexual abuse and workers do not know of their basic human rights. In Nepal, one type of labor is kamaiya, which is basically a type of agricultural labor in which a person has to work to pay off a loan to a landlord. The person would not be able to pay back the loan because they are paid very little money, but also need to pay for food, medicine, and other factors.
The caste system has played a role in this type of bonded labor because bonded labor typically takes advantage of those at the bottom of the caste system. People who are marginalized because of the caste system will not be able to obtain a job from a place that treats or pays them well, which leaves them with very limited options as to where they can go to get a job. Bonded labour traps a person who is in need of money because they are stuck trying to pay a loan and because of this strict caste system that does not allow those at the bottom to really obtain a better job, they are most likely stuck with this option.
Children that have been placed into child slavery often have to face violence, abuse and are forced into prostitution, begging, and drug trading. Some of the forced work they have to do is in agriculture, factories, construction, mines, tourist environment, etc. There are even jobs for children to be put into conflicts and the children are often faced with long term trauma. Furthermore because children are stuck in a cycle of poverty and a situation where they cannot get out, it prevents them from showing their true potential in the world. They will never be able to get an education or a real job to contribute to their society. A country depends on how their generations and their contributions, so in the end, the country harms themselves by child slavery.
I believe forced marriage is a type of slavery because the woman being forced into the marriage will obviously have very little to no rights because she already had no say in the marriage in the first place. One reason why Saba is being asked to “forgive” her father and uncle is because they are the ones supporting her family, so to other people, it would seem logical for her to allow them to go free and help with her family economically. Also the families wish to reach a compromise so that conflict does not continue. Saba’s in-laws talk about how if the families said without the conflict, they can be there for each other in times where they are in trouble. Women and children are more likely to be victims of slavery because in history, women have always been seen as inferior to men and are often belittled. Even today women are not given the same rights as men in certain places. In her community, they value being at peace with each other and their neighbors. If a woman is not under the same laws as men or are not well protected under laws, they can easily be taken advantage of. Because of their young age and lack of real life experience, children can be easily manipulated. Furthermore, children would not be able to fight for their rights because they are often not taken seriously due to their age. Children are supposed to obey those older than them and in certain cultures, elders receive the ultimate respect. They even may not fully know what rights they are entitled to. First of all, I do not like the whole concept of the societies “forgiving” because it obviously is more of a disadvantage for the girl. People are for sure going to pressure any girl to forgive the man that has harmed her. The thing I do find alright in her decision to forgive was that both parties wrote up an agreement, so I believe that may prevent Saba from being harmed again. I feel like she was more forced than anything to forgive her father and uncle, which I was a little disappointed in because I thought she would be fighting against the thought that it’s ok for men to kill their sister, daughter, niece, etc since they would get away with it. However, I feel like what she did may have been safer for her because the film mentioned that if they had gotten out of jail, there would not be anyone who would for sure be on their guard to protect her.
DeleteEmily Vanuy
NDSJ
1. Modern slavery is being forced to work,through mental or physical threat; being owned or controlled by an 'employer', normally through mental or physical abuse or the threat of abuse; being dehumanised, treated as a commodity or bought and sold as 'property'; being physically constrained or has restrictions placed on his/her freedom of movement.
ReplyDeleteThis is similar to the slavery in India because they are still working for other people but in India the people lose control of their debt and can't leave until the person they are working for decides their debt is paid.
2. Bonded labor is where a person's labor is demanded as a means for a repayment of a loan. It's found in Africa, the Caribbean, and South East Asia. I don't think the caste system played a role because there will always be people who are richer than others so this can happen with anyone it has nothing to do with the caste system.
3. Child slavery is a growing and serious problem because they are using children for other people's benefit. They work for little to no pay in abusive places. Girls might be used for military wives. Kids might be used for porn and drug selling and begging for money. When in reality kids should be out playing and enjoying life.
4. Yes i believe forced marriage is a type of slavery because the kids aren't able to do what they want and it's pretty much forcing them to have sex and stuff they don't want to do which is child slavery. Women and children are more prone to be victims of slavery because they are seen as weaker than men so people feel the need to take advantage of it and that they can't do anything about it. The elders and her inlaws want her to forgive her family but she doesn't want to she says she's never going back to them again. She ends up going to forgive them because of the pressure and her father doesnt think he did anything wrong he was just defending the honor of his family name.
@whs_dominique
This comment has been removed by the author.
DeleteIt is true that there is always a presence of disparity of wealth around the world. However, I believe that the history of the caste system has certainly played a part in shaping the existence of bonded labor in modern India. As an important component of Indian culture, religion, and society, the concept of the caste system separates the people into different categories and assigns specific duties to each one. Consequently, the upper classes have an advantage over the castes beneath them, and the lower-ranking individuals possess limited job opportunities. This increases the likeliness of being pulled into a disadvantageous position of exploitation. Through this particular perspective, the caste system in India perpetuates inequality and a highly stratified society that serves only the desires and interests of the powerful and influential.
DeleteJasmine L.
NDSJ
1)Modern Slavery is when people are forced to do things that go against their will. Men, Women, and Children are targets but mostly Women and very young children. Women are forced to work, they're forced to marry, and sometimes they are even forced to have sex when they do not want it. (also known as rape!!!) Children are targets because of their age. People believe that just because they are children that they don't have a say so in what goes on in their life and how they should be treated. This is similar to slavery that existed throughout the Atlantic circuit as well as China, the Roman Empire, India, Russia, etc. because of the way they were treated and the lifestyles that they all had. They were all treated with disrespect and because of that they had struggled lifestyles.
ReplyDelete2)Bonded Labour is a form of labour that tricks individuals into becoming a slave in order to pay off debts or loans. The people who are ordering you around say they will pay you, but in all honesty, they never do. Bonded Labour is found throughout Africa, the Carribean, and certain parts of South-East Asia.
3) The history of the caste system played a role in Mathura and Dolamani Bagh's in the bonded labour lifestyles because they were tricked into working without the right amount of pay and when they said something about it, they got into trouble and were treated worse then they were already treated.
4)YES!!!! being forced to marry is a type of slavery because if you aren't happy and you want out of the marriage and you aren't allowed to divorce/leave that person then you are being forced. Since the marriage is forced, the husband will most likely think that it is okay to treat the "wife" any type of way such as being abusive in both physical and mental ways.
B) Women and Children are more prone to be the victims of slavery because of the way people view them. most of the time people view them as being unworthy, weak, and a waste so they think that they can take advantage of that. so they do.
C)In the story, the main character Saba, is basically pressured and forced to forgive her father and uncle for the things that they have done to her because of the mere fact that she wants to be able to provide for her family and gain more respect as a woman.
D)In my opinion, I think that she made the wrong decision because she needs to think of her own happiness and her own sake before she thinks of anyone else's. Yes, I know she was trying to make her family happy, but if she isn't happy, then what is the point? I do understand her reasoning though because she wants to gain respect as a woman and lead others in a way that most people are scared to be lead as. The father's response to her about his violent actions is all the way wrong because he is acting like he doesn't care about the way he treated her. all he is worried about is the honor that the family gives him and provides for him. After seeing what Saba said back to her father's response for what he did, I respect Saba tremendously because she STILL forgives him even though he is acting like he doesn't care about what he did to her. She is a strong and independent woman for that and that's what means the most.
I agree that Saba does deserve to think about her own happiness, but at the same time, forgiving her father and uncle may have also made her life easier as well. Her forgiveness would obviously stop any harassment she would receive if she had wanted them to stay in jail. People clearly must have respected her father because after he got out of prison, people believed he was an extremely honorable man. Furthermore, the documentary talked about what would happen if her father and uncle remained in jail and later got out. There would be no person to protect her from that happening again. However, because of written contracts and agreements, the families appeared to be more at peace, which would have made it easier for Saba to move on with her life and also protect her from harm. I also was extremely frustrated in how her father just could not see the problem in the way he and the uncle acted. They were both so focused on this concept of honor to their family; it truly was very difficult to understand the way they were thinking and how they justified their actions
DeleteEmily V.
NDSJ
I understood Saba's forgiveness as more of a facade and I would say that it was for her own safety. We are lucky enough to live in a society in which our own health and happiness trumps everything, but from what we've learned about Saba's culture in WHAP, it seems like family and honor are top priority. In their eyes, what Saba's father did was wrong, but her disrespect of her family's wishes (specially her patriarchal family) was even worse. I didn't feel as though her in laws were forcing her to forgive, I felt like they were relatively western in their manner of letting her do what felt right, but I do feel as though the male elders were the main players in Saba forgiving. There was a statement she made at the end in which she stated something along the lines of 'Everyone knows I forgave them for the sake of society, and everyone's okay with that' and that's a line that really got me. That line plays off of both your idea of her forgiveness and mine of her safety because of it. Though she didn't really forgive her family, if she hadn't forgiven them at all she would have been shunned and excluded from the whole of society. I think it was better and smart on her part to forgive her family, even though it was a sacrifice of her one beliefs.
Delete1. Modern slavery is today slavery practices over ages, gender, and races which occurs all over the world. This is similar to slavery that exist through certain areas based on people of these countries needing money so they can live a better life. So they use themselves for labor or even sometimes just because of their race their used for slavery.
ReplyDelete2. Bonded labor is when a person becomes a bonded laborer when their labor is demanded as a means of repayment loan. Basically their used and pushed into labor with no pay or a little bit of pay. Its founded in Africa, Carribean, South East Asia, and India. Yes I do based on its order, government, and society it increased and enhanced the caste system when referring to bonded labor.
3. Child slavery is becoming a serious problem because of children being used for prostitution, abuse, pornography, theft, drug trafficking, and etc. Their either being forced into this lifestyle or they have no other choice in order for them to survive. Its disastrous because of lack of education, development, and future livelihoods.
4. Yes I do because your being pushed to do something you don't want to against your will. Woman are prone to be victims because they don't have much say so in what decisions are made for them when being in a different society and way of culture. Also women are more vulnerable to being push into certain situation that's not good for them.
I agree that women lack a voice in many societies, and how that causes them to be more prone to being victims of slavery. I am curious about your meaning in when you talked about how women are more vulnerable to being put into a bad situation. Do you mean this in reference to cultural standards and norms? Or do you mean this as a generalization of the way women behave?
Delete1) Modern slavery is forced labor or bonded labor , human trafficking, and "arranged" marriages. Slavery is always targeted to the minorities of societies, in which the people in India who are handicapped or “untouchables” are always treated like unfairly. It has been that way in the past and in the present.
ReplyDelete2) Bonded Labor is when a person is forced to work for another to pay off a debt to that person. It typically involves forced marriages and labor. This is a growing problem because it is linked to religious and cultural practices, in which the people who are doing this don't believe they are wrong. Also women being forced into arranged marriage are not only are being exhibited with the traits of slavery, that being they are abused, restricted, and have no control over what they wish to do. This makes bonded labor a big issue because its normally in impoverished countries and those who are in debt are poor which makes the caste system theory a reality.
3) Child slavery lives through prostitution, human trafficking, pornography, begging, petty theft, and the drug trade. Children have been forced through abuse and threats to work in areas of illicit activities, such as forced begging, petty theft, and the drug trade. Child slavery is a persisting issue in today's society, there are about 168 million child laborers aged between 5 and 17 years old. Approximately a minimum of 11.7 million in just the Asia-Pacific.
1) Modern slavery is slavery that continues to exist in the present day.
ReplyDeleteBoth slaveries are used to gain control over the people.
2) A bonded laborer is where their labor is demanded as a means of repayment for a loan. It is found in Africa, the Caribbean and South-East Asia.
Yes, the caste system lead people to think that since someone owes you money that they have to be slaves just until they can get/earn the money to pay them back.
3) Child slavery is growing because of many adults forcing the young children to do work in hazardous and very abusive environment. This problem is very serious because it hinders children’s education, development and future livelihoods.
The long-term consequences of child labor is that the children aren’t doing the work as good or effetent as they could because their starting to get injured from the job. Also a long-term consequence could be the children rebelling from the labor.
I definitely agree with your points regarding child slavery. Child slavery is extremely dangerous because it will create an unhealthy gap between the population because of child death due to extensive labor. It will also hurt the economy very greatly because the children, who are contributing to the economy via their labor are not being paid enough and these children are not pursuing their education which will then in the future hurt the economy, technology, and business development of these countries. This long term effect in society is extremely dangerous for the financial stability of both the child and the future generations.
DeleteAditi G
NDSJ
1. Modern slavery is when someone is someone is force to work, is treated as property, and are controlled through physical and mental threats. This form of slavery is similar to past forms of slavery because the people were forced to work in horrible conditions, were payed little to nothing, and the people are treated as property instead of as a person.
ReplyDelete2. Bonded labor is when someone pledges their servitude to person as a form a payment of a debt. With this type of agreement, the length of your service and what you will be doing while serving isn't specified until you start. Also with this type in agreement, the labor that you do will over value amount of your debt and the debts are passed on to the next generation if not paid. Cases of bonded labor can be found in the Asia-Pacific region of the world. The caste system does play a huge role in who are the laborers In bonded slavery because the main people being forced into the system are people who don't have the money they need readily available to them. Their most likely at the bottom of the caste system, so it's expected for them to borrow money.
3. The issue of child slavery is larger than it seems because the children are not just being put through forced labor but also little girls are being forced into marriages, they're forced to fight in armed conflicts, and the children go through constant threats. Child labor starts the cycle of constant poverty, a family can't pay normal household things, the child is forced to, the child gets no education, the child grows up without any basic skills to survive in the world, they have to stay at the job they've had since they were preteens with little pay and they have a family and the cycle continues, Because of this constant cycle there's no money going into the economy and that makes the economy weaker. Which actually does the opposite impact then what everyone thinks of child labor when they call it a necessary evil.
4. Forced marriages are forms of slavery because a girl is being forced to marry someone she probably doesn't know and she's supposed to be happy about it.
I agree with what you said about forced marriages. I also believe that forced marriages are a form of slavery, especially for women. The two people involved in the marriage are forced to do something they most likely do not want to do. The consequence of the marriage would be that the woman would be forever subject to the man. Also, even though some forced marriages can end up becoming true love, it would still be a form of slavery since it had started off by violating the rights and freedoms of the people involved.
Delete1. Modern slavery is when a person is then tricked or trapped into working for very little or no pay and forced to do tasks that is against their will. Its similar to the Atlantic Circuit due to that fact that both slaves of the past and present were dehumanized, disrespected, and treated like property.
ReplyDelete2. Bonded labor is when money is loaned to someone and their labor is demanded as a means of repayment for a loan. This is found in Africa, the Caribbean, and some parts of Asia.
3. Child slavery is a serious and growing issue because of the fact that across the globe a little over 5 million children(5-17 years old) are in slavery, trafficking, debt bondage and other forms of forced labor, forced recruitment for armed conflict, prostitution, pornography and other illicit activities. Even though its a way to bring money into a region the consequences of child labor/slavery are long-term trauma to their mind, high risk of hazardous spills that could result in loss of life, and development of several diseases in the body.
4. Yes, I believe forced marriage is a form of slavery because even if it is tradition it makes the kin(children) of the parents of two separate families relinquish their rights to decide their future spouses and in most cases people who are forced into marriage aren't happy and based on research the wife is abused constantly behind closed doors.
The reason women and children are more prone to be in slavery is because of how weak and naive society makes them seem.
Saba decides to forgive because she wants to be respected and seen differently as a woman and wants to be their for her family.
I agree with what you are saying about forced marriage, but I believe there is a larger reason that it is a type of slavery. It is a type of slavery because there is no choice in the matter and one of the people in the relationship usually exercises power over the other person. They use this power to force them to do work or participate in sexual activity. The people in forced marriages also don't have the freedom to leave the marriage or the house that they are being abused in.
Delete-Gabby D
NDSJ
I'd like to respectful disagree on why Saba chooses to forgive. I don't think she chose to forgive for respect, rather she hated the idea of doing forgiving completely. I believe she had to forgive for the sake of protecting her family. She chose to forgive because if she didn't her family would be shunned by the community and her mom and sisters would have no one to support them if Saba's dad stayed in jail. I don't think the idea of respect crosses into her mind as a motivation for forgiveness. The idea of respect was a reason to not forgive as her father and uncle didn't honor her respect and her as a person and tried to hut her.
DeleteBinita Pandya
NDSJ
Modern slavery is usually in the form of bonded labor, where people must work because they owe a loan or large sum of money, and must pay back the loan. This is in some ways similar to slavery throughout the Atlantic ocean because people in both situations are severely restricted and are forced to do labor; however, modern slavery is illegal, so it is hidden. Slavery in the Atlantic ocean was accepted, and used commercially, while modern slavery cannot exist in this way without being discovered.
ReplyDeleteBonded Labor is when people must work to pay off a debt, and their employer forces them to work with little or no pay. Bonded labor is common in South Asia, and well as in Africa.
The caste system has played a role in modern slavery because it promotes a sense of superiority over lower castes- the people who would become modern slaves. Because these people are viewed as lower class people, and are generally poorer, they are more prone to become modern slaves.
Child slavery is a growing issue today because it allows children to experience harmful environments that can potentially threaten their health. Child slavery continues in the world today, despite being illegal , which makes it an even bigger issue. These children are being exploited for personal gain, which is a very serious issue. Child slavery has many damaging effects on the economy of a country, because it limits the education of children, which means that they cannot become effective workers when they are adults. In addition, it damages the health of workers, which means having fewer workers in future industries.
I agree completely with your perspective on the negative impact of child slavery, especially your point about how these minors are being exploited. I also agree with how child slavery prevents children from being educated. However, I think that while a lack of education can cause workers to be less effective, it also prevents workers from getting better jobs and advancing in the workplace and in the world.
Delete1. Modern slavery is forced labor on minorities and modern slavery is women forced into prostitution, children and adults forced to work in agriculture, domestic work and even more.
ReplyDeleteModern slavery was similar to the past slavery because they both targeted poor women, men and children. Also both modern and past slavery involved praying on the weak and abuse against a certain group of people.
2. A person becomes a bonded labourer when their labour is demanded as a means of repayment for a loan.
Debt bondage was used to trap indentured labourers into working on plantations in Africa, the Caribbean and South-East Asia, following the abolition of the Transatlantic Slave Trade.
Boned labor was a huge role in India because Mathura and Dolamani Bagh
took out a loan of 1500 rupees from a rich landlord in our village so that they could get married. To repay the loan they both had to do agricultural work on his farm for seven years so this proves that India was involved in bonded labor.
3. The issue of child labor is growing because children are forced to take part in armed conflict. According to UNICEF there are about 300,000 child soldiers involved in over 30 areas of conflict worldwide.
Some children in child labor work in places that threatens children’s health and development, through, for example, exposure to dangerous machinery or toxic substances, and may even endanger their lives.
1.) Modern slavery is men, women and children are forced to work under harsh conditions where their "owner" is their commander. These people are also owned by their commanders and put through inhumane physical and laborious jobs.
ReplyDeleteThese tactics of modern day slavery are similar to the Atlantic Circuit because of the vigorous treatment and harsh environments that these slaves are put through. They are treated with little or zero respect and forced to separate from families and do horrible jobs.
2.) Bonded Labour is the most popular forms of slavery that goes on but isn't not know about. This form of slavery is a way that those who are enslaved are forced to work for little pay and end up worth les than they were to their owners when they first started working. Bonded Labour is found on plantations on Africa, the Caribbean and South-East Asia.
I do believe that the caste system played a role in the wide spread range of Bonded Labour because it originated in South-East Asia and then widely spread to different countries laster on to be able to make more money off work for owners.
3.) Child slavery is growing worse and worse because more and more children are used to make a profit off of and treated as unequal and prostitutes for selfish and horrific activities. The worst thing is that people think that it is over and slavery doesn't exist, but only racism.
They hurt the country economically because of the harsh situations that have to be dealt with in trying to stop these horrible accidents. They also give the country bad names as they make they country seem they are in favor of enslaved children.
4.) Yes I consider a forced marriage a type of slavery because in marrying someone you are choosing to be committed to that person and if you are forced nothing is real and you have no say so you are actual a slave of the person forcing you to marry.
Women and children are victimized more than men because they are more vulnerable and seen as easier to manipulate. Also women can be very helpful for laborious works inside housing.
It shows her will to forget and forgive because of her cultural beliefs.
I believe that this was an honorable move by the daughter as the torment she was put through. It was mature than letting her emotions get the best of her.
I agree that even though there was constant pressure from the village elders to “forgive” her attackers, Saba was the one who wisely made the ultimate decision to let her father and uncle go free. She was able to put aside her emotions, think about all that was at stake, and determine how she should deal with this incident. Saba also took into account the possible consequences regarding the respect of both her natal and her husband’s families in the community and her natal family’s potential financial issues without her father’s income and chose “forgiveness” in order to minimize damage. She was able to suppress any anger and bitterness towards her father and uncle by never forgiving them in her heart. I am a bit disheartened that Saba’s father received more respect for his actions after being released from prison and that Saba could not send a message to the Pakistani society that such “honor killings” are morally wrong, but I can understand her stance based on the culture of the region.
DeleteJasmine L.
NDSJ
1) Modern slavery is slavery that is still occurring beyond the abolition in the 19th century. Modern Slavery still consists of forced work, control by an "employer", dehumanization, and restrictions on freedom. There is no real difference between modern and ancient slavery they are essentially the same. The only difference is the time period.
ReplyDelete2A) Bonded labor is another form of slavery. People are demanded to work as a way of repayment for a loan. Forms of bonded labor are usually found in the Asia-Pacific region.
2B) I do think that the Indian caste system helps with bonded labor. The people lower in the system become disassociated with others higher up, this creates strain on goods and needs for the lower caste members. When these people start to look for a way to help themselves other people take advantage of this and trap them in bonded labor.
3A) Child slavery exploits and endangers the lives of children. It can range from child prostitution, working in factories, of armed conflict. These can cause trauma to the child and prevents them from learning basic education.
3B) The children may have suffered trauma from their experience in child slavery. Once the child is grown they may not be viable for other kinds of work. Without any workers a country would not efficiently make enough money for it to sustain itself.
1. The definition of modern slavery to me is forcing someone to do something that they have no control over. Its modern because it wasn’t abolished in the 19th century, there are still traces of slavery in our society today. For example, women forced into prostitution, children and adults being forced into agricultural and labor jobs, and girls are being forced into marrying men. This is similar to slavery in the Atlantic Circuit because back then, slaves were harshly transported to the West and were forced to work on the plantations.
ReplyDelete2. Bonded Labor is another method of slavery that is very widespread throughout the world. This is referred to when people are forced to do labor work in return for their loans being paid off. However, the amount of work does not account for how much the loan was initially. Bonded Labor is truly devastating because the laborers have no control and have no way of negotiation. This type of slavery is commonly found in South Asia, particularly near the Punjab region.
- I believe that the caste plays a huge role in this type of bonded labor because it allows the upper class to take advantage of the lower classes. In the article it states “as they lose control over the debt and cannot leave until the employer decides when it’s paid off, they cannot realistically leave the ‘employment’” this means that the employers have too much power which allows them to dominate the workers.
3. “5.5 million children are in slavery, trafficking, debt bondage and other forms of forced labor, forced recruitment for armed conflict, prostitution, pornography and other illicit activities” this statistic is truly alarming because it makes one realize how big of an issue child labor is. It opens one’s eyes to all the things that are going on the world that we don’t realize. It’s a serious problem because these poor kids have no control over their lives. Also, the harsh conditions can affect their future lives.
- Child labor will have negative long-term consequences for a country because essentially children are the foundations of a country. If children are treated poorly then the economy and society will be corrupt when the country is in their hands because of their poor treatment. It may bring “comfort” and money right now but when its their turn to run a country, the conditions will be disastrous.
Mehar,
DeleteI completely agree with your points about child slavery. I agree that children are the foundation of society, and that mistreating them will lead to negative consequences in the future. An additional point about the negative consequences of child slavery is that by having children spend hours working, they are not able to go to school. This lack of education is harmful to countries, as children who have not been educated will have a harder time finding work and contributing to society (in addition to bettering their own lives).
Nina NDSJ
1. Modern slavery is forcing somebody into a type of situational labor that they do not want to do. Slavery is an institution that still happens in todays times and is similar tothos in the Atlantic because they are both put through harsh conditions with no respect for their rights.
ReplyDelete2.Bonded labor is when somebody works for you in order to pay off a debt they have. This type of labor is typically found in Eurasian contries or Asian-Pacific countries.
2b. I honestly don't think the caste system had that much to do with bonded labor because i feel that the caste system was setup in order for their to be a line drawn for people not to cross and interact with the other.
3a.child slavery is becoming a serious problem in the world because children are being tricked into things that no child should know of such as trafficking, prostitution, and armed wars. Child soldiers and prostitutes are being taken from theri families everyday and we are still nowhere near able enough to stop this from happening.
3b. By using child labor you are threatening the continuation of an economy because the children will be worn out by the time they reach adulthood. this could mean low birth rates and less children to work causing the economy to crash.
I completely agree with your answers to numbers 1 and 3. However, I would like to respectfully disagree with you on your answer to number 2. I believe that the caste system in India did set up the stage for modern day slavery. Because the caste system causes so much disparity and huge wealth and power gaps. Those in the wealthier castes can initiate much more control over the lower castes and manipulate those working for them. Those in the lower castes would already find it hard to move up because of the way the caste system has been defined which would lead to endless debt and endless eventually full slavery. This strict and unyielding power dynamic directly correlates to that in slavery.
DeleteAriel Cheng NDSJ
1.) Modern slavery is simply put as "being forced to work". In today's society many people are still being forced to work or do something they don't want to do, which is called modern slavery. Examples of modern slavery include a woman being forced to work as a prostitute or forced production in factories. Modern slavery is similar to slavery that existed through China, the Atlantic Circuit, etc, by having people being forced to work without their consent. Both forms of slavery has people working in poor conditions that could be potentially hazardous, the people working in both forms of slavery also gain no benefit from themselves and they are both treated poorly.
ReplyDelete2.)Bonded labor is a form of work people must do in order to pay off a debt. With this form of work, people either get paid very little or not at all. This type of labor is found usually in South Asia or in Africa. The caste system has played a role in this type of bonded labor since the superiors in this system look down upon and rule the lower levels of the system. Since the lower class is looked down upon, they are more likely to become modern slaves of the system.
3.) The issues of child slavery is becoming more of an issue since they are at a young age where they have not fully developed physically and mentally. Not only that, but a child is more prone to become sick in poor conditions when working. The long term consequences to child labor are economically disastrous since a child is busy working most hours of their day they have no time to learn about anything at a school. If a child has no knowledge about basic subjects then they will have a hard time finding a real job later on in the future which will bring no money into the economy.
4.)I do consider forced marriage as a type of slavery. Anything that involves being forced to do something you don't want to do and being restricted of your freedom is considered slavery and being forced into a marriage would be considered a type of slavery.
Modern slavery is when people are forced to work with no pay. Forced labor bonded labor, and force marriages are all forms of slavery. Modern slavery is similar to the Atlantic Circuit slavery that existed in past because in both incidents both women’s and children’s were or are at most risk and more of a target. Also people that are low in the social class are usually slaves.
ReplyDeleteWhen a person is forced to work for another person to pay off a debt to that individual that is bonded labor. Bonded labor can be found in many different countries especially in the area of South Asia also in the Punjab region of India.
The Indian caste system does play a role in slavery, because the caste system make it reasonable or ok for someone at the bottom of the system to work in terrible and horrible conditions.
Child labor is very serious. Now over 5.5 million children’s are working in terrible conditions, hazardous place. The number is only going to continue to grow because of two reasons. Kids are young and fresh, they can get a lot of work done faster than old adults and also children labor is going to continue to grown because governments are not cracking down on this they are letting it fly.
Yes force marriage is a type of slavery. In force marriage you are making someone against their will make a life time commitment. You are making someone to be with another person that they may not want to be with for the rest of their life. Throughout the years women’s, and children are more prone to being victims of slavery is because they are an easier target. They can put up less of a fight. Also throughout time women have been at the bottom of the social ladder and so have children’s. For men forgiving is easier, therefore making it harder for women. The father believed that he was right because that was the way he was raised. Some society today believe In this type of thing and this is a prime example of how our history can still affect us today.
1.) Types of modern slavery are bonded labor, prostitution, forced marriages, human trafficking, and decent based slavery. Modern slavery is similar to that existed through the Atlantic, China, India, Russia, etc. because people are still being forced to into slavery to work in horrible conditions with not benefits.
ReplyDelete2.) Bonded labor is when labor is demanded as payment for a debt and the person repaying the dept is tricked into continuing work for little or no pay. This labor is found in India, Nepal, Africa, and Asian- Pacific regions. Yes it plays a role, because the caste system put people in lower ranks in society that forces desperation and poverty onto them that leaves them vulnerable to debts and being forced into slavery to pay off their debts.
3.) Children are constantly being forced into the worst kinds of slavery, as in prostitution, pornography, and other illicit activities, and there are about 168 million child slaves from ages 5 to 17. Long term consequences of child slavery could be need of physiological help from the government and increase birth rates causing more government assistance to young mothers who were forced into slavery costing a country a lot of money needed to support it's citizens.
4.) Yes a forced marriage is a type of slavery because people are being forced to get married against their will. Women and children are more prone to be victims of slavery because they are seen as inferior and in slavery the inferior group of people are usually those who are being enslaved. Her culture put pressure on her to forgive her attackers because if she didn't she wouldn't be accented anymore and her economic conditions also pressured her to forgive her father because he is responsible for making money for her family and if she doesn't forgive him he wont be released from jail causing her family to become homeless. Her decision to forgive her father and uncle is brave and prove that she is a strong person. Most people wouldn't have the heart to forgive someone for what they did to her. How she was treated was awful and should never happen to anyone and her family should of been more supportive and understanding of what she was going through and society should of never pressured her to forgive such a cruel act. Her forgiveness should of came because of her own will not because she needed to do it for others well being.
I do agree with your answer to question four. Women and children are targeted because they are more vulnerable. Women are more vulnerable due to their lack of equal rights in most parts of the world and due to the fact that men have more power than women. However, I have to respectfully disagree with you on the point you made about children who are victims of slavery. I don't believe that children are targeted because they are inferior. I think that since children don't have a fully developed mind, they are easily manipulated. They can be talked into going places or doing things that would send warning bells in an adult's mind. Since children are easily manipulated by adults, that can lead to many children in not so great economic or family situations getting manipulated and therefore becoming victims of modern slavery.
DeleteMegha Natarajan
NDSJ
1. Modern slavery is seen in many forms in every country around the world. Modern slavery includes women who were forced into prostitution, people who are forced (through mental of physical threat) into labor, and those forced into human trafficking or early marriages. This is similar to slavery that existed throughout ancient history because it involves the forced labor of individuals whose rights and freedom were stripped.
ReplyDelete2. Bonded labor occurs when a person’s labor is demanded as a type of repayment for a loan. The value of their work becomes unfair when compared to the amount of money owed and sometimes the debt is passed through generations. Bonded labor flourishes in South Asia and an estimated 11.7 million people are believed to be in forced labor in the Asia-Pacifc region. I do believe that the caste system played a role in this type of bonded labor because the caste system created long-lasting discrimination throughout India and this discrimination lead to poverty and the willingness for people to work excessively without realizing that it is in fact slavery because the modern social hierarchy puts these people at the bottom.
3. The issues of child slavery are a growing and serious problem because a large amount of children are currently apart of child slavery in many different forms. For example, 5.5 million children worldwide are currently enslaved in various types of slavery including prostitution, forced labor, pornography, etc. This is a serious problem because it’s difficult for anti-slavery and child protection organizations to locate and stop all of these different forms of slavery all over the world. Long term consequences of child labor are disastrous because it deprives children of a proper education, deterring them from gaining careers in the future, which is a negative effect on the economy.
4. I do believe that forced marriage is a form of slavery in some cases because when it involves a woman marrying a man against her will and then being forced to be with said person intimately and serve them, it becomes unethical. But, in some cultures, arranged marriages are accepted and normalized. Looking through the lens of history, women and children are more prone to be victims of slavery because they have less power in political and social positions and are seen as weak, so they are targeted because they’re dehumanized. The main character was pulled by her fear of being outcasted and chastised by society and punished is she were to run away, so she chose to forgive. If she did not choose to forgive she would have put her family in danger of being outcasted as well. I don’t think that her “decision” to forgive was a real “decision” at all because she was pressured by the potential consequences and didn’t really want to forgive, but felt obligated to.
I agree with you when you say that forced marriages are a form of slavery, and I also agree with what you said about some cultures accepting arranged marriages. In my opinion, however, arranged marriages are not exactly forced, as people have some say in if they want to go on with the marriage. I also think that although forced marriages can be a form of slavery, not all of them are, since slavery is when people are treated poorly and work under bad conditions. I think you bring up a good point in that women and children are victims because of their lack of political and social positions. That was something that, although I learned, slipped my mind. With the character's decision to forgive, I think you bring up a good point about how if she did not forgive, she was risking her husband's family's reputation. I like how you said that her decision was not really her decision at all. That is really true.
Delete1. Modern day slavery is called bonded labour which is the repayment or debt you owe by working it off but you never get to leave. It is similar because both were not allowed to go back to where they came from and were not paid. Bonded labour takes place in the Asia pacific area.
ReplyDelete2. Yes, the role of the caste system has played a major role in bonded labor because they need the money from the rich and the need the money because they are so low in the caste system which causes them to become bonded laburs.
3. There are nearly 5.5 or more children in slavery right now and this is a growing problem kids are being sold and are being forced to do whatever they are told to do. The kids that they sell to the people will grow up and not be useful anymore because than don’t know what is wrong and right because they couldn’t develop. This will cause them to lose money because the can no longer make profit from the kids.
1)Modern Slavery is when people are forced to work through a mental threat ,or controlled by an employer. Debt bondage was used to trap indentured laborers into working on plantations brick kilns and factories in South Asia and India.
ReplyDelete2)Bonded labor is when a person becomes a laborer where their demanded as a means of repayment for a loan occurring in places like Africa, The Caribbean and South East Asia. The Caste system played a big role because it was a way to keep the poor people poor because the bonded laborers are in a state of poverty where they are forced to work these horrible conditions. The lower working class is the only class doing that kind of work just to keep the caste system in tact.
3)Children involved in the conflict are severely affected by their experience and can suffer from long term trauma. 168 million child laborers aged between 5 and 17 years old.
1. Modern slavery is viewed as bonded labor, prostitution, child labor, human trafficking, etc. It relates to slavery in earlier civilizations as in both cases, people were put to work in unfair conditions and were paid very little working for someone else.
ReplyDelete2.Bonded labor is forcing a person to work to pay a loan. In most cases, the amount of labor that is produced is much higher than the loan itself and also violence is used to force workers to stay. Debt bondage was used to trap indentured labourers into working on plantations in Africa, the Caribbean and South-East Asia.
3. Child labor is turning into a serious problem as over 5.5 million children are forced into slavery in the form as prostitution, child labor, armed forces, etc. This hurts economies as it limits job opportunities for kids in the future as they are forced to just work on plantations.
This comment has been removed by the author.
Delete
DeleteJalen,
I agree with your point that modern slavery is similar to slavery in past civilizations in that both involve people being put to work in unfair conditions. I would like to respectfully point out, however, that, in many cases, slaves were/are not compensated at all. In your response to question four, I agree with your points. Child slavery does limit job potential for enslaved children, but I respectfully disagree with your point that the lack of job potential is because they “just work on plantations”. Child slavery exists in many forms (ex: engaging in petty theft, fighting in armed conflict, etc). I think that child slavery limits job potential for the enslaved children due to the fact that most victims are unable to access education.
Nina NDSJ
1. Modern slavery is forcing someone to do some characteristic of labor that they do not want to do with witch often physical or mental abuse is applied. This is still the same as slavery in the Atlantic Circuit as well as various areas of China, the Roman Empire, India, Russia etc. due to harsh conditions and harsher treatment.
ReplyDelete2. Bonded labor is forcing someone to work for you in order for them to pay off a loan. This is due to widespread poverty around the world. Often times, the labor exceeds the amount of debt that the person owed, however the "employer" often forcefully persuades the worker to stay. This is found mostly in South East Asia, Africa, and the Caribbean.
2b. The caste system had some contributing factors to slavery due to the inequality, especially due to the fact that it allowed the upper class to take advantage of the lower class.
3. Children are being forced to work in order for someone else to gain profit. This is often accomplished through violence and means of prostitution, child labor, drug trade, marriage, etc. There are 168 million child laborers aged between 5 and 17.
3b. Child labor can cause a decrease in jobs, not to mention parents looking for their children/ going on strikes which means they do not go to work.
1. Modern slavery is labor without pay. Like indentured servants of the history. Mostly down in third world countries but possible in places like America. Bonded labor is used to trap people when debt needs to be paid . They trap them into working off their work but to unnecessary extremes .2. i do think the caste system influenced this eras bonded labor because just like traditions people will follow rituals in treating others low or high class . 3. Child slavery is a growing people as people who abuse children in such way use them due to the fact of their size and energy to get things done. Women and children are more prone because of the power that they hold in regards to class ranking . 4. I feel like forced marriage is cruel but not to extent of slavery only because people may fall in love or the fact that you can always get a divorce
ReplyDeleteI agree that forced marriage is cruel for your answer to number 4, but I also believe that forced marriage is a type of slavery because the people getting married have no choice in the matter. It is not very likely that the ones getting married will fall in love because they have most likely never met before, and in many forced marriages, there is a huge age gap between the spouses, and forced marriages often turn into abusive marriages. Unlike arranged marriages, which take place with the full consent of both parties, forced marriages are made against the will of one or both of the people getting married, and if they don’t want to get married to each other, they most likely do not love each other. Also, divorces are not easily available in the places where forced marriages are the most common. Divorce laws are often biased and unfair towards women, who many times have to provide much more evidence than men do to get a divorce. In fact, in the Philippines, divorce is illegal. Of course, some people in forced marriages have been able to get a divorce or fall in love, but I don’t think that is very common.
DeleteReva Kakaria
NDSJ
Kyler,
DeleteI must respectfully disagree with your response to number 4. Though I agree with you in that they are cruel, similarly to Reva I think that forced marriage is considered slavery because not only is there a lack of consent from one or both parties, the victims (especially young women) are many times subjected to abusive, slavery-like conditions. Though it may be possible to fall in love, this is probably unlikely because of the fact that many forced marriages occur between young girls and men who are much older than them. Additionally, like Reva stated, divorce laws are often favorable towards men, making it very hard for women trapped in abusive relationships to leave their situations. In most cases of forced or child marriages, the rights of those forced to get married, especially girls who often have not even hit puberty, are blatantly ignored. If forced actions, ignorance of rights, biased laws and abuse do not sound like slavery, I don't know what would.
Maha Khan
NDSJ
Hi Kyler,
DeleteI agree with your statement on forced marriage being cruel but I'm having a hard time understanding why you think that it is not as cruel as slavery. An overwhelming majority of the time, it is extremely difficult for a child/women to obtain a divorce or run away from an abusive [forced] marriage. The term "forced" in and of itself is basically synonymous to slavery. A majority of the time, the "partner" that is forced into marriage has little to no freedoms or rights. Often times, they are forced to live in an abusive and dangerous environment in which escape is extremely difficult. All victims of forced marriage do not have a say in their futures or fates. These situations parallel that of an enslaved person. You might be thinking of arranged marriages which require the full consent of both parties. Arranged marriages (usually) allow both spouses to exercise their freedoms and do not thrive in dangerous and abusive situations. Forced marriages, on the other hand, are the complete opposite in most cases. Furthermore, women in forced marriages are usually at a disadvantage when trying to obtain a divorce. Again, I am simply respectfully disagreeing with your last response but I mean no offense.
Thank you,
Nikhila - NDSJ
1. Debt bondage, serfdom, forced marriages and delivery of a child for the exception of that child are all slavery-like and require criminalism and abolishment. There still 5.5 million children in slavery or practices in similar slavery. They have been working long hours, prostitution, pornography, illicit activities, children under 18 being forced to marriage, which they had experience suffering like in India.
ReplyDelete2.Bonded Labor was found in Africa, the Caribbean and south east asia. Bonded labor is labour is demanded to pay a loan, then tricked into working little or no pay. it's a form of slavery.
3.The child slavery percentage has increased tremendously. Leader to violence and many years of suffering. Population will increased become of many people are working in factories that included intoxication.
4. Yes, because they can experience suffering, and slavery to their spouse. Women and children are the most used because they get taken advantage by men the most.
1. Modern slavery takes many different forms. It is determined to be slavery when one is forced or threatened to work, and is dehumanized by treatment.
ReplyDeleteThroughout history, slavery has been used in different parts of the world. Modern slavery is just as destructive and dehumanizing as it was in these past forms. Some forms are similar such as modern day, human trafficking and slave trade across the Atlantic. Also bonded labor connects easily with the older practice of indentured servitude, much like in early America and Africa, and serfdom in Europe and Russia.
2. Bonded labor occurs when one sells their labor in exchange for money. This is often done to pay off debts. However, being that the work is usually insufficient, this results in more debt and creates an unending cycle. The people that are caught in bonded labor are usually unable to escape.
Bonded labor has been used across continents in Africa, the Caribbean, and South Eastern Asia. It is more prominent in Southeast Asia through agriculture.
It’s truly sad to see how people are taken advantage of, much like the Bagh family. Although they are in need at the time, the long term labor eventually sets its victims to accept it, believing there is no way out.
3. Child slavery is unethical as it endangers children and may lead them to commit crimes for the benefits of others. Whatever the children are told to do, they are taken advantage of, and paid little to nothing. What’s worse is that the work they are forced to do may be overbearing or endangering the lives of children.
These practices are seen as a norm in some areas and often lead in spreading the labor to numerous children in a local area.
Although one could argue that work done by children is child labor, it is still perceived as child slavery. It’s unethical that people underage are forced to work in terrible conditions as well as receive little or no pay. This is similar to bond labor, and hinders children in the long term. Children are susceptible to being injured in rough conditions that could possibly permanent or disabling. This makes the work force in the future less competent to be able to work, which world hurt economic productivity. Also, being that children are forced to work in low, degrading occupations, this restricts them from a proper education and investing in innovative ways to help the local region. The economy of a region does not benefit from child slavery, and should not be supported even if it did.
3. I think that one of the points you bring up is really important: the one about people’s possible arguments that “work done by children is child labor.” I think that a lot of perpetrators of this crime would try to back their actions by calling “child slavery” as “child labor,” but in the end, it still is abuse and unjustifiable. I agree with you in your idea that this “child labor” is still child slavery and immoral. It is true that continuing child slavery would hurt a country’s future workforce because its children would be uneducated, abused, and unhealthy thanks to the conditions under which they are forced to live due to slavery.
Delete1. The definition you gave of modern slavery is very accurate. I think you were absolutely correct in your opinion that modern slavery is just as bad and destructive as it was prior to so-called abolishment.
Delete2. Yes bonded labor is exactly that and it is terrible how the cycle continues of one cannot pay of debt right away. I agree that it is very hard for one to escape bonded labor once trapped in it. I also agree that it is incredibly sad to read stories such as the story from the Bagh family.
3. It is very disheartening to know that children are being taken advantage of and forced to commit crimes for the benefit of others. It is not fair at all that the children are given more work than they could ever handle at once. I also agree that some areas see it as a norm, something which needs to stop. It is very unethical and it is true that no economy will benefit from the exploitation of the children. Good responses!
Vanessa Aguayo NDSJ
1)Modern slavery is when a person is tricked into working for little or no pay and forced to do tasks against their will. This is similar to slavery of older cultures because the people are forced to work, they receive no payment, and they are treated as property.
ReplyDelete2)Bonded labor is when a person is forced to do labor in order to repay a loan.Though bounded laborers are usually threatened to stay, and many are not allowed to work for anyone else. It can be traced back to Africa, the Caribbean and South-East Asia, following the abolition of the Transatlantic Slave Trade. It is most common in South Asia in agriculture, brick kilns, mills, and factories
3)Child slavery is a growing problem as people continue to search for cheap sources of labor so that they can have the maximum profits possible. Children are a huge source for this as they work for little pay and often work for long hours. Money is a huge motivator and the people who are in control in the child labor industry do not consider the morals, only their potential profitability. Child slavery is an extremely serious issue as children are prevented from learning and growing, both mentally and physically. They are often injured and abused as well as vulnerable to diseases. The long term consequences have horrible effects for a country.
4)Forced marriage is a type of slavery. In all areas around the world especially Southeast Asia, girls are forced to marry men a lot older than them. The girls do not have any consent and are married off to instill pride to their families. Throughout history, women and children have been much more prone to these situations due to sexism.
3. I agree with you that child slavery has been caused by people’s greed in searching for cheap sources of labor and maximum profits. On top of what you said about children’s working for little pay and generally a high number of hours, I think that children are also forced to do so because they aren’t seen as “capable” as adults. In addition, I agree that people continue to put children into slavery for money, and that they lack morals and don’t recognize the children’s rights. Unfortunately, it is also true that children don’t get chances to go to school and are often malnourished and abused because of child slavery. It makes it all the more important to raise awareness about it and try to get people to help stop it.
Delete1. Modern slavery is forced labor without pay or compensation of a person or group of people. This compares to the slavery in ancient empires because the slaves during those times were slaves just because. Meaning they'd do work being forced by an "employer" so to speak without pay and with threats, both mentally and physically.
ReplyDelete2.Bonded labor is when labor is used to repay back a payment or loan and the person doing it doesn't have the means to pay back in money. It exist in Africa and the Caribbean. The caste system played a role in this because the "Untouchables" lived their lives in bonded labor.
3. 5.5 million children today are considered child slaves and there are over 168 million children in child labor. This is a growing problem because children are easily taken advantage of because they are children. Children working hurts the country by under developing the children.
4. Forced marriage is a type of slavery because it involves forcing someone to do something that they have no choice to and is against their decisions. Women and children are often seen as weaker and more vulnerable to orders than men. She was a women so she had to forgive the attackers also she had to forgive her father because he makes the money for the household. It was a forced decision and therefore slavery.
DeleteSolano,
I agree with your comments in response to question one. Modern slavery is definitely similar to slavery throughout history in that the premise is the same. I would like to respectfully point out, however, that some compensated labor can be classified as slavery. This is usually when the laborer is paid very, very little money and all the conditions of employment fall under the category of slavery (ex: force, threats, abuse). I also agree with your response to number two. Children are often underdeveloped when they have to undergo slavery. Child slaves are often deprived of nutritious food, as well as time for play/exercise. In addition, they are often held back from receiving an education, which can severely limit their future job prospects and hurt their country economically in the long run. I agree with your response to the fourth question, too. Saba was definitely pressured to forgive, in part due to the fact that her family would suffer economically if she didn’t. Furthermore, both her family and her in-laws would suffer socially, as many people in their village said they would shun Saba’s relations if she were to refuse forgiveness.
Nina NDSJ
1.Modern slavery is when the use of slavery is in action during the present day.
ReplyDelete2.A bonded labor is a person's pledge of their labor or services as security for the repayment for a debt or other obligation.
3.Child slavery is a big problem in the world. Do you realize that our shoes are made by them in china. There needs to be a change right now as we speak. Kids are getting unsatisfactory behavior towards them.
4.In my own words and eyes forcing someone to be marriage is a sort of slaver because he/she is being demanded to do something that they are not authorize to do.
1) Modern slavery is just how it sounds. Slavery in modern day's societies. It comes in the forms of prostitution, child laborer, indebted labor, and any other type of exploitation used to bend others to others benefit. The Atlantic circuit did it with slaves for plantations, India used it's caste system to exploit those who appeared different, China justified it as a social practice as the way to honor it's rulers just like the other classical empires that followed later.
ReplyDelete2) Bonded labor is indebted labor used to pay off debt or some other form of payment in place of money. It's a real problem in parts of south eastern Asia where people are under educated or in poor financial standing. Areas like India were really rampant with this bondage and the caste system definitely was part of that. By including in their belief system that people who aren't "normal" are fair game to be exploited eases that guilt and uncomfortableness people wish to avoid. Also, it justifies it because by assigning them (untouchables) "tasks" they get to redeem themselves by supporting their communities.
3)Child labor is spreading by wildfire. Children aren't worried about supporting families with funds, or worried about obtaining an education. They just want food to fill their bellies and maybe some play time, which makes them the perfect labor force to exploit, especially if they don't have adults or guardians to watch out for them. However, this is a horrible system both for the children and the regions using them for economic support. For one these children are going to grow up into members of society with no specialized skills they can use to bring money into their countries or regions. Furthermore, they're going to start having children of their own and aren't going to sit by and watch them be exploited, or they'll be too many people to support and that's equally as draining on financial resources.
4)Yes, I do considered forced marriage a form of slavery because your right to choose has been taken away, and marriage is no small matter. Women and chidren are definitely more a risk because so many socities promote the man is head of house mentality or that if a women's or children's financial needs are being met then just suck up and bare anything else thrown their way, even abuse, even in America. The main character is encouraged to forgive because that's what's expected in her culture, she did something that created a sense of shame for her male relatives so she "deserved" her punishments. It would have dropped the economic standing of her uncle and father if she didn't forgive them and that's ewhat it was all about. Saving face for the male relatives. I don't agree with the decision to forgive the father especially sense he doesn't seem very remorseful. Plus, it's not smart to hang around someone if you're not sure of your safety, what happens later on when children are involved?
I agree with all of your answers to 1, 2, and 3. In regards to number 4, I agree with you that forced marriage is a form of slavery; the right to choose a spouse is being taken away from someone, and they get no say in the matter of their own marriage. I also agree with you that this kind of thing happens more often to women and children than to men because of historical reasons that have transferred over to the cultures of today. However, although Saba didn’t want to forgive her father, and watching the documentary, I wished she didn’t have to, I felt that she had no choice but to forgive him. If she hadn’t done so, many others around her would have been hurt by the consequences. Her decision didn’t just affect her and her father. If she hadn’t forgiven him, then her in-laws would never be able to get help from the important men in their neighborhood. Not only that, her mother and siblings would suffer because her father was the only person who held a job in their family, and they wouldn’t be able to earn a living without him. I think that many people in her place would have chosen to forgive him, not because they believed that he was remorseful and not dangerous, but because they didn’t want their loved ones to be affected.
DeleteReva Kakaria
NDSJ
1) Modern slavery is an institutionalized oppression that much resembles the slavery we are all familiar with. It is the forced labor, selling, and over all taking advantage of other people by means of violence is force. It is similar to slavery of the past in that it shares the same characteristics such as abuse, poor working conditions, and the constant mental abuse along with the effects of it that literally last and get passed down to the coming generations.
ReplyDelete2) Bonded labor is forced labor initial under the terms of paying off a debt. Unfortunately the “employer” abuses this circumstance forcing them to stay longer than they should and receive much less money that they should. They restrict them from seeking work outside of them and in some extreme cases keeps them under literal lock and key. It occurs most often south East Asia, Africa, and the Caribbean.
The caste system definitely played an impactful role in this type of bonded labor because it created a culture where it is not frowned upon and in some cases encouraged or even applauded to put yourself above someone else. The deep seeded inequality is a tough root to pull out. Being able to control and even own other human beings for your own gain stemmed from this idea that by merit or birth or anything that sets you apart, automatically places you in more power than those with different circumstance.
3) Child slavery has long existed but in an ever evolving world that has become so advanced not only technologically but psychologically, it has presented itself as an even more pressing issue. This is a growing problem because it is linked to religious and cultural practices that outline no perceived error in what is being done. People seldom fix things they don’t see as being broken. . Child slavery thrives through prostitution, human trafficking, pornography, theft, and the multibillion dollar drug trafficking industry. Although it is seen as a way of generating revenue for a region, it can have lasting effects on their economy as time goes on. One example of this is the ever present reality that child slavery often involves the forced marriage of young girls. This in turn over time can lead to overpopulation which is a serious problem and a” drain” on the regions resources.
I completely agree with your response to the influence of the caste system on bonded labour. The social inequality and hierarchy that the caste system stands for has been imperative in the start of slavery.I also agree with your idea of individuals believe that the status they're born into gives them power over other human beings. But I feel like the caste system also trapped individuals into poverty as due to rigid social mobility, individuals born into poverty can't escape. Thus the need to fin bonded labour to survive comes about as well.
DeleteBinita Pandya NDSJ
1. I agree with the definition you gave of modern slavery. It definitely resembles the slavery of the 19th century and prior. I also believe you were correct in your comparisons and characteristics of slavery
Delete2. You are absolutely correct in the definition of bonded labor. It is very unfortunate that the employer abuses the circumstances as you said. Also, your response to the caste system and its relevance is very correct. It has been very impactful in the negative view of status and slavery.
3. Child slavery has become too prevalent unfortunately. I also agree with how you said it exists psychologically as well. It is very sad how much it is growing and thriving through modern day institutions and practices.
Vanessa Aguayo NDSJ
1. Modern slavery is forced labor without pay. Examples of this is bonded labor, human trafficking, forced marriages, and exploitation of migrant workers. These people physically and mentally threatened and abused.
ReplyDelete2. Bonded Labor is hard labor with little to no pay. People are forced to work to repay their debts and are coerced by threats and violence to stay. This is similar to laborers that used to be on the planations in Africa, the Caribbean, and SE Asia. It's found mostly in third world countries where poverty is high and people are desperate any money to support themselves. Caste System in India probably played a role because people of low caste were probably forced to borrow from people of high caste because they were poor.
3.Child slavery is a growing and serious problem because the work they're forced to do is very dangerous and irreversible to the child's health and well being. The long term consequences can be disasterous to a country because the labor stops the child's education and development and the children are the future of the country.
4. Yes, forced marriage is a type of slavery because once the person is in the marriage, they are forced to do things by their spouse and abused physically and mentally. Child and women are more prone to slavery because they most times weaker, more vulnerable, and throughtout history have had less power and social status than men.
I completely agree with your response to child slavery. It's a huge barrier for the healthy development of a child. It has many negative consequences to the future of the child as well as their performance in school. It hinders the child's education, physical development, and emotional development.
Delete1. Yes, I agree with your definition to modern slavery, especially because the issue of modern slavery is so much deeper than the labor, as it ends up affecting people physically and psychologically, like what you mentioned.
Delete2. Yes, I also agree that the Indian caste system could have affected and perpetuated bonded labor globally, due to the large social discrimination that comes about after bonded labor and which influences bonded labor as well.
3. I agree with your statement about child labor as well. A lot of people, when condoning child labor, solely see the short-term benefits of child labor: quick and cheap labor. However, they fail to see that the future will be largely shaken if we do not take any steps to combat child labor.
4. I also completely agree with this response. Isn't it so unfortunate that women and children have always been targeted? I feel as if a lot of modern slavery stems from the ideas of superiority, and the superiority complex over women and children have continued for many millenniums.
Sapna R. [NDSJ]
1. Mordern slavery is forced labor without any pay or very low pay. Human trafficking and dehumanization are also kinds of slavery that exist today. Owning someone as property is considered slavery as well.
ReplyDeleteMordern slavery is similar to slavery through the Atlantic Circuit in many ways. In the Atlantic circuit, people were traded just like objects. In modern times, purchasing people as slaves is still very popular, however it is mostly secretive as it is illegal. But the main thing that was prominent during the trade through Atlantic Circuit and modern slavery is that, it is targeted towards minority groups.
2. Bonded labor is a form of forced labor which is provided to repay debts and loans.
Bonded labor exists in Africa, the Caribbean and South-East Asia.
I think that the Indian caste system played a big role in bonded labor. The people are taught that they cannot be equal and their lives are set between their own caste. As a result, the people who are in the lower castes have to go into bonded labor because they do not have any other alternatives. And they fall in the trap of bonded labor in the first place as they require to get loans from the higher caste people.
3. The issue of child slavery is a big problem because when a child goes into slavery, it affects their physical and mental state. They are often mistreated and physically abused which hinders their natural growth and mental stability. Besides, they are deprived of their basic rights such as education and healthy life. Moreover, they are brought into slavery to be introduced to pornography, theft and mainly illicit activities.
Long term consequences of child labor are disastrous as child labor decreases the literacy level of a country. The people remain illiterate and cannot keep pace with the rest of the world and cannot develop in the long run. Little money earned through child labor is not even comparable to the growing economy throughout most of the world.
I believe that forced marriage is a type of slavery. Often times it is forced by the guardians of the victims of slavery as well. In under developed countries, the parents often force their young children into marriage to share some of the wealth of the family they are going into, or they are simply exchanged for money. Sometimes young girls are forced into marriage by men for selfish purposes.
I think women and children are more prone to slavery because people consider them weak and easier to control. They are expected to not speak up for their rights.
Saba was culturally and economically pressurized because she had to think about what society would say about her family and also her father was the source of income for their family.
The father was not guilty of his actions and it shows how girls are not given any power in society.
I agree with what you said about why women and children are more prone to slavery. It's true that they've always been considered weak and inferior by the dominating figures.
DeleteI also agree with what you said about forced marriage. It's so true that parents force children into it for their own economic benefits. It's a very widespread issue, especially in South Asia.
I agree with what you said about why women and children are targeted more for slavery. They are expected to be silent and not speak out for themselves, which is what Saba did. She acted for herself and as a result was almost killed by her family. When she continued to speak out by taking the case to court, she had to be guarded in case she was targeted and the community was looking down on her for not forgiving her family. In the end, the elders of the community pressured her to forgive and the eldest male in her in-laws' family even said that she should forgive. Saba had no choice to speak out and had to forgive her family.
Delete-Lara NDSJ
I agree with how you said forced marriage is a type of slavery and how there's often a financial/economic reason behind the marriage. It's true that it's selfish and degrading for people to sell off their daughters as if they were an object. This also reflects on how many people in these societies do not see an issue with these marriages, as they value their "honor" and would go as far as doing honor killings to preserve the "honor" that could come with a forced marriage.
Delete- Cassandra NDSJ
1. Modern slavery is basically forced labor without any reward. Human trafficking is a good example of this. People are abused in many different ways.
ReplyDelete2. Bonded labor is tough labor with little to no pay. an exaple of this is the pay immigrants receive in the U.S. from some businesses. This is similar to slavery. It is also similar to labor on the AFrican and carribean plantations. This is mostly found in countries where people are desperate for money.
3.child slavery is a type of slavery that continues today and it is something that mentally affects the child. It isn't good for the child's health. This type of slavery can affect the child in the future by reducing the level of education and mental stability in oneself.
4. Forced marriage is a type of slavery. The person who is forcefully married gets bossed around and is required to do things that their partner would like to do. Sometimes a spouse can be abused. Physically and even worse, mentally. Women usually are the main ones who are enslaved due to the dominance of men. Social statuses still prove that men and women are not trated equally.
I agree with your statement that women are enslaved due to society's views that women are inferior to men. Since in many parts of the world, women do not receive equal rights, pay, and privilege, they are an easy target for modern day slavery. Like, in the documentary Girl in the River, Saba had her marriage arranged for her. She didn't get a choice in the matter. It was her duty to obey her parents and go along with the decisions that her father made for her. She couldn't chose who to marry. When she did, she was shot. Since women are looked upon as lower than men, they can be manipulated by those that have more power than them. This leads to many women being victims of modern slavery.
DeleteMegha Natarajan
NDSJ
1. Yes, I agree to your definition of modern slavery, but I also think it's also the matter of the excruciatingly terrible conditions in which people are forced to work.
Delete2. Bonded labor is extremely dangerous, because it starts off as something such as class distinctions and later extends to a point in which people have completely lost their freedom, and are forced to work in terrible conditions.
3. I definitely agree with you because child labor places a huge physical and psychological burden on the child, which therefore impacts the future of a certain area when the older people in the society didn't receive a formal education.
4. Yes, it's unfortunately true that the balance in which people are enslaved is largely tipped towards the women. Women, in history and in the present, have been oppressed because they have always been seen as "inferior" and "weaker".
Sapna R. [NDSJ]
I agree with your points on the negative affects of child slavery and how forced marriages are essentially slavery. It's true that enslaved children lack the opportunities to get an education and are damaged psychologically for the rest of their lives, which impacts their future negatively as well as their future children's lives. The inequalities that exist globally between men and women definitely play a large role in why forced marriages still happen, as women's opinions are ignored, giving them no say in their futures. The abuse that could occur from a forced marriage is also a very sad reality, as seen with Saba's father and uncle's attempted murder of her.
Delete- Cassandra NDSJ
Modern slavery exists in many shapes and forms. These usually consist of forced labor that treat humans as objects and have no value. This is still the same as the slavery in the Atlantic Circuit as well as various areas of China, the Roman Empire, India, Russia etc... because people are still being forced into labor while they are being abused.
ReplyDelete-Bonded labor is when someone has a debt to pay off through labor. Forms of labor include agriculture, mills, and factories. Bounded labor is commonly found in Africa, the Caribbean and South-East Asia. I believe that bonded labor did stem off from the Indian caste system because the caste system was a way for those that were seen as nothing in order to make them feel inferior. Bonded labor consists of those who feel inferior to those they serve.
- Child labor is a growing problem in the world today. There are over 5 million children in some form of slavery. The long term effect of child labor is that the children that are in bondage are deprived from education. Without education, the children will not be able to get jobs and not contribute to society in ways that will be beneficial for all such as being future doctors and lawyers.
-I believe that forced marriage is a form of slavery because that person is not able to make their own choice of who or what time they want to get married. Women and children are more prone to slavery because they are usually the ones following some form of figure. Women follow their husbands while children follow their parents. It is easier for women and children to feel inferior to others around them because they are constantly being told what to do. I feel like she did not have to "forgive" her father or her uncle because of the way she was treated. If she did not forgive them she would have been shunned by society and wouldn't be as prosperous.
I completely agree with you that forced marriage is a form of slavery. Not only does the person not have the ability to make their own decisions, the person is also completely dehumanized. Those involved in forced marriages are not considered beings with the ability to think and want for themselves. Instead, they are considered property to be married off for power, wealth, or reputation. In the case of this film, we can see that Saba’s need for making her own decisions and marrying for love were considered immoral and disrespectful. She is not seen as someone who should be allowed to have her own ideals and mindsets. Then, when her father and uncle attempted to kill her, many saw their actions as justified because she belonged to them and her disrespecting their decisions condoned their behavior which portrays her as their property which is slavery.
DeleteAriel Cheng NDSJ
I agree with what you said about Saba's situation. What her family did to her seems unforgivable and she had every right to refuse to forgive them but because of the pressure from her community she had to forgive. If she didn't forgive, she and in-laws would have been shunned by the community and suffered economically. Saba had no other choice but to "forgive" her father and uncle even if she truly did not feel that way.
Delete- Lara NDSJ
1Modern slavery is often times different depending on who you are talking to but essential its bonded labor, child labor, early and forced marriage, forced labor, descent-based slavery, and or trafficking. Roman Empire it was common for slaves to be considered as property and could easily endure torture and prostitution even under the law. In India slavery was often associated with prostitution and heavily apparent due to the caste system. Within Russia, most of the population was in slavery. Often people gave into slavery to survive because they could not take care of themselves and there families. Within all these three, these people were forced to work and were property.
ReplyDelete2 Bonded labor, or debt slavery, is a person’s pledge of their labor or acceptance of servitude for the repayment of a debt or other obligation, when one is forced into labor and tricked into working for little or practically no pay. Tricks of coercing people into labor include surveillance and abuse. 3 I also agree that the caste system played a role in modern slavery because of the lack of belief that all people were equal and society driven prejudice. Because people are born with ideas that on group is superior it never changes. 4 Child slavery is a giant problem in todays world. Children suffering through child slavery live with prostitution, human trafficking, pornography, poverty and etc. 5.The long-term consequences to child labor are economically draining for a country because children and their children's children are going to be continuing a cycle of poverty rather than trying to change and have the proper education, opportunities, and employment. 6.Yes forced marriage is slavery because the woman is forced to serve a man for the rest of her life in which she has no say in which is essentially slavery.
7. women and children are much more prone to be victims of slavery because they have often been put in subordinate positions since they are always physically weaker than the men in their same positions. Women are usually viewed as the people who give birth and care for children and the husband, whilst men are typically viewed as those who make the money for the family. Children are often seen as those who benefit most from the parents and are expected to carry on their legacies.
8. The cultural and economic pulls that exist for the main character—in regards to her decision to “forgive”—are that women are expected to follow their parents’ will and expect such actions (mercy killing) to be taken. Additionally, she is pulled by her family’s recent failures in local business and dip in popularity in the neighborhood.
9. Saba’s decision to “forgive” was not being honest so herself. Because of the elders’ pressures, she was inclined to, but she did not truly believe it. The father’s response to his violent actions towards his daughter is frightening because he believes what he did was right, he mentioned that he would do it again, and he gained more respect and a better place in the community because of it.
I totally agree with you that Saba's decision to forgive was in a way not honest to herself. However, I think she made the right decisiom in that scenario. If she didn't forgive, her family would economically suffer as her father was the only one who had an income. Her in-laws would have also suffered because they would have been cast out of society and shunned. As much as I wish that Saba could have held her ground and not forgiven so that her father and uncle would still be in prison, I think she made the right decision. That, however, does not mean that the way the rest of society pushed her to forgive was just.
DeleteI agree with what you’ve said about women and children always seen as subordinate to men. I believe that these gender roles have greatly pushed the role of women in the direction of slavery, and will continue to do so. Women have been put down by the roles forced upon them by society, with males being seen as the dominant partner of the relationship. This leaves females with the choice to possibly go against their male relatives which have more political rights and sway than they do. I also agree what you’ve said about children being expected to follow their parent’s wishes- this can also be seen partially though Saba’s story and how, when she disobeys her father she has tarnish her family’s honor.
Delete1. Modern slavery is the practice of slavery that still continues today; this includes individuals who are forced to work, controlled by an “employer,” dehumanized, or physically restricted or constrained. Modern slavery is similar to slavery that existed in the past because they both involve a forced action against a group of people through mental, physical, or economic abuse. A slave may either have no choice or no better option than to work for the “employer.” Additionally, throughout history, slaves tended to be women or children, then for soldiers and laborers and now through prostitution and child labor. Overall, the basis of slavery has not changed much over the years; it is just less known as individuals believe that the laws in first and second world have abolished it completely.
ReplyDelete2. Bonded labor is a form of slavery where a person is forced to labor as a means of a repayment for a loan; however, they may work for very little or no pay and are threatened by violence. It still continues today in agricultural South Asia and the Punjab region of India where hundreds of thousands are forced to work in brick kilns and quarries. I do believe that the idea of the Indian caste system plays a role in slavery. Slavery across the world always targets those who are a minority, poor, or in need of labor; in this case, this group would be the “untouchables” who were always treated unfairly. Additionally, the idea of the Indian caste system includes the belief that people cannot leave their social caste, and it would be disrespectful if they tried to improve their status. This ties into the fact that many of the bonded laborers felt that their employers were doing nothing wrong by paying them little wages until a third party came in.
3. The issues of child slavery are a growing and serious problem as 5.5 million children are in slavery globally today. These children are being mentally, physically, and emotionally abused and forced to fight, work in hazardous conditions, used as sex objects, or go through forced marriage. Child slavery lives through prostitution, human trafficking, pornography, and the drug trade. The long-term consequences to child labor are disastrous economically for a country because the wealth is clearly going to a certain, already wealthy population and the rest of the people are suffering. Because child labor comes so cheap for the employer, he will be able to produce more and earn more profits at a lower cost. Additionally, many employers find child laborers more useful and beneficial as they are allowed to pay them less. This will give less opportunity for other adults who may need factory jobs to actually gain the position as they have to compete with children. Therefore, really, only the employer benefits and the other adults and children suffer.
4. Yes, I do consider a forced marriage a type of slavery as the child may not have given their entire consent to enter the marriage, is prone to being subjected to abuse and a sense of “ownership” by his/her spouse, and can never leave the marriage. Child marriage allows for long term consequences such as the impact on their education and their physical or psychological health. Additionally, if a child tries to leave a marriage, especially if she is female, it will be difficult for her to support herself if she was not helped in the divorce. This being said, may lead to other forms of slavery and exploitation. Women and children are more prone to be victims of slavery in regards with sex slavery and forced marriages. The sexism throughout the world has given a justification to inflict violence against women and children, treating them as inferiors and forcing them to go through these acts. In the Girl in the River, Saba was told to forgive by her entire community including her new in-law family. Her brother-in-law told her that she needed to forgive as the tensions between families in the same neighborhood could not exist. If their family needed help in the future, they would not be able to obtain it if Saba did not forgive now. The whole society would look down on them because it agreed with Saba’s father’s actions as they were “honorable.” In this society, “forgiveness” from the perpetrator’s family will give him innocence and he will be released. In honestly, this makes me angry as the father never deserved to be set free for trying to kill his own daughter; this simply gives more justification to other fathers to do the same as it is an “honorable act,” hurting more Pakistani women across the region. However, I understand the pressure that Saba had to face and why she “forgave” her father regardless of his heinous act. I will also continually admire her for her bravery of letting her father, who tried killing her, free again for the sake of others.
DeleteMeghan Chung NDSJ
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteThis comment has been removed by the author.
Delete1. Modern slavery is when a person is forced to work, is dehumanized (such as being sold or traded as property), is physically constrained from movement, or has an owner or somebody in charge of them as if they were property. Modern slavery shares many of the same characteristics as slavery in the Atlantic Circuit and other historical regions. Bonded labour in South Asia where the people are manipulated into working off a debt and then encaptured is similar to what happened to the freed slaves after the end of the Atlantic Circuit where people then worked as laborers or indentured servants with no pay. Slavery also occurred during the Chinese Dynasties as the government used forced labor for various public projects such as the Great Wall or the Grand Canal. In India, bonded labor and prostitution were and still is popular due to the caste system. In the Roman Empire, many prisoners of war were taken and used to fight or labor on public projects in slavery. Other slaves were considered property and used in prostitution. In Russia, widespread poverty led to the peasants to labor as property and then a cycle of slavery and poverty ensued.
ReplyDelete2. Bonded Labor is the most common form of slavery. A person in debt is asked to work to pay of a loan and then is tricked into working for longer than originally intended and is stuck in a position of little or no pay. Restrictions are often also placed on their freedom as to leaving through surveillance, lock and key, or threat. Bonded Labor often can even exceed generations. This was a common practice in Africa, SE Asia and the Caribbean after the Transatlantic trade in order to manipulate the indentured workers. Currently, this practice is most common in South Asia, particularly, India where workers are forced to work in kilns, mills, and factories. However it can most likely be found in most places with widespread poverty which leaves the population vulnerable to manipulation by the wealthier classes. The caste system in India would set up the stage for modern day slavery. Those of higher castes have the wealth, the power, and the ability to control the slaves. Those in poverty in the lower castes would be desperate to earn enough money to survive and would easily be manipulated by the higher castes especially due to the wealth gap.
3. Child slavery is already at an estimated 5.5 million and is steadily increasing. Poverty around the world is pushing more and more children into slavery. Furthermore, the immediate economic gratification makes people think the ends justify the means of creating cheap profits. This mindset is further pushed because children are often easily manipulated and controlled. For all these reasons, child slavery is increasing. People who profit from them are forcing the children to into prostitution, theft, begging, illegal drug trades, and more. Many are even used in wars and conflicts around the world which can lead to trauma later on in life making them less likely to defend themselves.There are many long-term consequences to child labor. For the children, they can suffer from trauma (there are an estimated 300,000 children working in conflicts around the world) which is more likely to keep them in the bonds of slavery and continue the cycle through generations. Economically for a country, this is bad long-term because all the money is going to the top people and to the already wealthy while the labourers fall deeper and deeper into poverty. This creates an enormous wealth gap which leads to an unstable economy. The children who undergo extensive labor have an extremely high mortality rate and those who survive rarely have the opportunity to pursue education and then do not have the opportunity to contribute in the future.
4. Yes I consider a forced marriage a type of slavery because the person is dehumanized and the person’s decision is completely ignored and taken away. They are considered property and given off or traded off for power or for honor. They are often physically threatened as well to complete the marriage and restrained from leaving their owners. Women and children are more prone to be victims of slavery because of the power dynamic that has been going on through all of history since the beginning of agricultural civilizations. Women and children tend to stay at home and do not engage in most of the physical tasks. The men take the power and make the laws of the civilization which puts women and children in a role with less power and less of a say. This leads to them being more vulnerable to oppression and abuse. The main character is pulled by her community and by society because it is culturally accepted for her to forgive. She is expected to forgive by elders because she still needs to show respect for those who tried to kill her because they were only doing what was “honorable” in their minds. Also the economic pull for her was that her father was the only one who provided money in the family which meant that she had to forgive him so that he could provide for her family. I think the daughter’s decision to forgive is a symbol of how the honor killings have gotten so far that it has been accepted into society. She is pressured to forgive and so the people see the honor killing as acceptable which continues its cycle. This is hard for me to understand because the father actually believes that his actions were justified. He does not see how killing for honor is morally wrong in our eyes and that he has falling into the cycle of accepting these types of violent actions as justified.
DeleteAriel Cheng NDSJ
1) Despite abolition, modern slavery in different forms continues to plagues the modern world. This can come in the form of forced work in the presence of a mental or physical threat, abusive ownership by an “employer”, dehumanization, being constrained or restricted in terms of movement. These forms of slavery is similar to slavery in the Atlantic Circuit, China, Russian, Roman Empire and India in that slave owners continue to exploit their workforce. Slaves in Atlantic Circuit, China, Russian, Roman Empire and India slavery were forced to give up large portion of the crops they picked to give to their employers leaving them forced to work on the day they got off, Sunday, to support themselves and their families. These other forms of slavery exploit workers by forcing them to perform strenuous tasks that greatly surpass their loans, and treat them as property and owners. Both of these forms of slavery also practice the dehumanization as individuals are bought and sold and treated like property, and objects rather than humans.
ReplyDelete2) Bonded labour is the most prevalent form of slavery in the world. In this form of slavery, an individual partakes in grueling and difficult work to repay a loan. This work is done for menial pay and often times these debts are carried over while in reality the type of work surpasses the original loan. The hindu caste system has played a large role in bonded labor. This rigid social hierarchy leaves little room for social mobility thus the cycle of poverty for lower caste and the untouchables to continue. This continued poverty creates a need for bonded labor as individuals must obtain basic necessities and work for them which is then carried over for generations to come.
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Delete3) Over 5.5 million children are enslaved globally and this number is continuously growing. At young ages, children are forced to experience various forms of abuse, forced to work in less than suitable conditions, and are treated like objects. Children in slavery are forced to work to participate in prostitution, human trafficking, drug trade, etc. The long term effects for the children themselves include deep psychological and physical damage. But for the economy,child slavery is just as detrimental. Child slavery is caused by poverty and the continuation of child slavery proves that the circle of poverty is repeating. If employers can hire children for a lower cost, why hire adults? Thus more adults are put out of work allowing the circle of poverty to become a never ending cycle. As a result of this the wealth gap grows which destabilizes the economy as it relies on a small number of people.
Delete4) I absolutely consider forced marriage for of slavery as forced marriage takes away part of someone's freedom which falls into the realm of slavery. Along with this, a person becomes an object to barter off so someone else can gain. Throughout history, dominant figures have taken advantage of those they deem subordinate. Women, historically, have always been subordinate in society and have treated as property for much of that time as well. This made taking advantage of women and placing them into slavery due to this historical view. Children too became an asset as a mother would follow her child into slavery to protect them. Through enslaving children, owners got access to mothers as well. The cultural emphasis on community is a huge pull for forgiveness for the main character. Community is important and must be held above all. All decisions an individual makes, impacts her community as well. The main character realizes she must forgive or be shunned by her community. Economically, the practice of one breadwinner in the family pushes her to forgive as well. If her father and uncle stayed in jail, her mom, sisters, cousins, and aunt would have no one to support them. The decision made to forgive shows how this society holds honor above the life of a person. How murder is acceptable if one wants to maintain respect in society. I find it very difficult to understand how many father could turn on a child he raised so quickly. I also find it very difficult to understand how the father would believe his actions are justified. He didn’t even seem happy that she’d lived, instead all he care about was that people now respected him.
Binita Pandya NDSJ
1.Modern slavery exists in the forms of bonded labour, child slavery, forced marriage, forced labor, slavery, and trafficking. Essentially, people are forced to work, threatened, dehumanized, and have their freedoms taken away from them. This is similar to the Atlantic Circuit slavery in that those people had no choice but to work for no pay and how their children were born into slavery. It is also similar to slavery that existed in China, the Roman Empire, India, Russia, etc. because those people were exploited for their labor.
ReplyDelete2. Bonded labour is when people are trapped/tricked into working, usually to repay some sort of debt. However, they cannot get out of these situations and the value of the labor is higher than the debt they once owed. This practice has been found on plantations in Africa, the Caribbean, and Southeast Asia. Today, it can be found in Southeast Asia in agriculture, brick kilns, mills, and factories. The history of the caste system in India played a role in this type of bonded labour because the caste system meant that people were trapped within their caste and those in the lower castes were unable to move their way up. An example of how this continues to play a role in bonded labour is seen with the stories of the poorer families who were continuously bound to the same labour. They were stuck in a situation where they had no opportunities to break free, similar to how those in the past were bound to their caste.
3. Child slavery still exists around the world in the form of child labour, trafficking, and other types of forced labor. Children who continue to stay in these hazardous conditions do not have the opportunity to get a proper education or develop in a healthy environment, therefore their futures are permanently damaged and their future children may follow in the same footsteps. In the long run, children in slavery do not have the opportunity to grow into well educated, healthy adults. They may also not know that they themselves have been exploited and the cycle would just continue with other children. In addition, since these types of labour are cheap, people in the country are denied from having fair wages, making the rich richer and the poor not able to get richer. Lastly, children will not be able to add to the workforce when they are older and would be stuck in slavery like conditions.
4. Forced marriage is a type of slavery because slavery is essentially a situation in which the enslaved person has no freedom in choosing their future and voicing their opinion. In a forced marriage, a person (typically a woman/girl) has no say in choosing her future husband, as it is done by her parents/relatives, and she has no choice but to go with their choice. In addition, many women/girls are threatened with dishonoring their families or physical injury if they marry someone of their choice. Historically, women have had to depend on men as a source of income and survival (shelter, food, etc.) Therefore, they had less of a voice and it was/still is harder for women to be viewed on the same scale as men, making it easier to exploit them. Children are also easier to become victims of slavery because they are under the control of adults and easier to manipulate. The woman in the film was faced with the possibility of dishonoring her in-laws if she decided to not forgive her father and uncle. This would have made it hard for her new family to get jobs, support from neighbors, and cause other economic issues. In addition, she was pressured by the elders in her village/neighborhood to forgive. The fact that she had no other logical option but to forgive was a sad reality. Not only did her father/uncle not face the consequences of their actions, but their actions were almost validated. It showed that attempted murder in their society was widely seen as acceptable if it meant to “protect” honor in the family. It also showed how little these women’s lives were truly valued.
1. Modern slavery is the practice of being forced to work, being owned by someone else, being thought of as an object and without human qualities, and being limited by physical restraints that don’t allow the person to move. This can occur because of threats of mental or physical abuse to the victims of modern slavery. Often times, debt is also used as a measure of binding people to being slaves because they cannot gain their freedom without having paid their dues to their “employers.”
ReplyDeleteThis form of slavery is similar to that which existed in the Atlantic Circuit and in places such as China, the Roman Empire, India, and Russia because they both force people into something they don’t want to do. The slaves are owned by others, and they are used to bring in more profits for their owners without much care for their well-being. Often times, this was done for the economic benefit of the countries that used slaves, and they didn’t stop because they wanted to continue gaining more money thanks to such cheap labor.
2. Bonded labor is a form of forced labor in which a person has to work in order to pay off a loan, but is often given little to no money. In addition, the person working might also be forced to do so even if their labor is becoming worth more than the loan itself. People are coerced into doing this because of the looming threat of violence from the “employers,” and even sometimes, the debt is passed to the next generations. Because of the stopping of the Trans-Atlantic Slave trade, bonded labor can be found in Africa, the Caribbean and South-East Asia. Some of the facilities in which it is practiced are brick kilns, mills, factories, and other areas of agriculture.
Yes, I do believe that the caste system in India played a role in bonded labor. The Indian caste system had been structured with very distinguished classes, and the people of the higher social status would look down on those in poverty. In general, segregating people based on skin color, birth conditions, and other categorizations only furthers the idea of slavery. For example, having a group of “Untouchables” in the caste system led to the expansion of bonded labor because others would start seeing them as expendable and less than human. Therefore, it would make it easier for them to force the poor into bonded labor, exploit their work, and refuse to let them be free.
3. The issues of child slavery are growing because of the economic benefits that people see in forcing children to work and their general apathy towards the health and care for children. Unfortunately, another reason why child slavery continues is that many people around the world don’t believe it exists, and therefore, they have a relatively unconcerned view on the issue when it’s brought up. Child slavery also continues to expand because the “employers” or the perpetrators use violence to force the children into prostitution, labor, the military, drug trade, theft, and other crimes or categories of work. The problem of child slavery is always a serious problem, regardless of the numbers of children being forced into it. Whether it’s a couple hundred, or millions, the issue will not cease to be a global problem that needs to be solved. The atrocity of child slavery is evident enough. Children should not be forced into fighting (but sadly enough, UNICEF’s statistics reveal that approximately 300,000 children are used as soldiers globally). Children should not be used as domestic slaves or forced to work, because they are not economic tools for someone’s benefit. They are humans as well, and their rights should be recognized just as well as an adult’s. The problem of child slavery is huge; there are over 5.5 million children globally victimized by the issue when the number should be zero.
DeleteChild slavery leads to long-term results which are economically hazardous for a country that is predominantly reliant on it. Forcing children into labor or to participate in heinous fields of work hurts the economic stability of the country. If more and more of the children are being used in slavery, then there will be fewer educated people of the next generations to help keep the country afloat. The children in slavery have no chances to be educated or live normal lives because of the perpetrators’ actions, which is completely unjust. The country will not be able to function because no one will be available or able to take up higher-paying jobs that are necessary in the economy.
4. Forced marriage is undoubtedly a type of slavery. Slavery is defined by a lack of freedom, and if someone is forced to marry a person he or she doesn’t want to, then his or her freedom is being restricted. Many times, forced marriage occurs to women and young girls when they have no choice in whether or not they marry a man. The relationship also can be very abusive and detrimental for the woman or girl because the man might see them as property or simply one of his possessions. The woman or girl could be forced to do a multitude of things that she doesn’t want to, and her being there in the first place is completely against her will, which reiterates the point that she is being enslaved.
Women and children are more prone to being victims of slavery because, first, women are seen as the “weaker” gender, and children are seen as “helpless” and need protection. Often victims of the results of gender superiority (tipped in the males’ favor), women didn’t get to stand up for themselves whether it came to their rights or their children. It’s not that the women weren’t able to; it’s that the societies in history restricted them because they were seen as lesser than men. Women’s opinions have been constantly disregarded in history, and that only adds to the fact that they weren’t as “important” to men according to stereotypes. Children were also targets of slavery because they weren’t seen as “competent” in comparison to adults, and therefore, people took advantage of them. They were often used--and still are being used--as cheap sources of labor because they are more “docile” than adults, and for many societies, children were always told to obey those older than them.
DeleteSome of the cultural pulls for Saba to forgive her father and uncle were that the elders of her community pressured her. It has long been traditions for people in many areas of the world to respect those older than them, and it is seem in the way that the elders of Saba’s community were trying to coerce her into a “compromise.” Also, many others in her community were telling her to forgive because it would be right to listen to the male elders because they knew what was best for her. This also reiterates the thought of “male superiority.” In addition, her in-laws’ family would have been shunned from society if she had not forgiven her father and uncle. One of the economic reasons of why Saba was told to forgive was that her family would not be able to survive. Her father was the only person making money for her family, so without him, her sisters and mother would have no way to support themselves financially.
I think that it was hard for Saba to forgive, and even though I didn’t want her to do so and I don’t really like the fact that she had to, I can understand that with her circumstances, why she did so. With the elders of her community pressuring her and her in-laws’ and her own family at risk if she didn’t forgive, Saba was selfless in forgiving her uncle and father. She was being very brave in allowing the two men to walk free, especially because they could still go after her, despite promising not to do so. I was completely disgusted with her father’s response to his violent actions towards Saba because he took pride in them. He tried to justify murder with a twisted concept of “honor killing” and for the sake of his reputation. It makes me angry that he finds that his life and reputation is that much more important than his daughter’s, and that he feels he has the right to decide who she should have married and whether or not she should live. His response and the way he was freed is only furthering the encouragement of “honor killing” and allowing criminals to walk away without charge for murder.
1.Modern slavery includes women forced into prostitution, children forced to work (child labour), and people forced to work off their debts in terrible conditions and extremely low pay. Some slavery is generational. These characteristics mark slavery, today and back then. A person is made to work through physical or mental violence, they are owned by somebody, they are dehumanized, and/or are physically kept under lock and key or tied up. The characteristics existed during the time of the Atlantic Circuit as well as today. During the Atlantic Circuit and in parts of China, the Roman Empire, India, people bought other people to serve in their army or work on plantations or entertain them. In Russia, the feudal system worked to enslave people. They were tied to the land and had to work for the people who owned the land.
ReplyDelete2. Bonded labor is a type of modern slavery. People have to repay their debt by working for the person they owe for low wages and terrible conditions. Sometimes these people are made to stay with threat of physical violence. It can be found in South Asia, the Punjab region of India, and has existed in plantations in Africa, the Caribbean, and South-East Asia.
I do believe that caste system played a role in this type of bonded labour. The caste system has left some people rich and others dirt poor. Those who were poor and uneducated were the ones who were working for rich landowners who were taking advantage of them. Furthermore, there is a history in India where those who were poor could be stepped on, and they were not worth as much as the others who had money and status. This type of thinking has carried on to the modern era.
3. Child slavery exploits children for someone’s benefits. 5.5 million children are in slavery around the world. That is a serious problem because as well as being taken away from their family, most of the children are placed in working conditions that people their age shouldn’t be exposed to. Many long term affects will plague them as they grow up. When children exposed to child labor grow up to be adults, there won’t be any innovation in the country that employed them because those children didn’t get educated. They won’t be able to think on their own, and they will probably be suffering from trauma linked to that fact that they were forced to work so young. When a child’s immune system and health are suffering from work conditions that they are clearly not meant to be working in, that is a problem that will affect them in adulthood. When most of the adults of a country are suffering from bad health and disfiguration due to working from a young age, that would lead to a disastrous economy for the country.
Delete4.I do believe that forced marriage is a type of slavery. Most usually, the woman doesn’t have a choice in the matter, and all decision making is left to her parents or just the father. The woman doesn’t get a say in the future of her life. Furthermore, divorce isn’t an option if the woman doesn’t want to shame her family. So if the husband is abusive, the woman has no way to protect herself. She has given her rights and safety to her husband. Women have always been looked upon as inferior. Since society has been formed with that sort of idea, women are seen as easy targets and are therefore targeted to be victims of slavery. Since in many parts of the world, they don’t have the same rights, education, or pay as men, they are easily taken advantage of. Children are easily influenced because their brains have not fully developed. When they are victims of slavery, it is because they have been manipulated by an adult. In terms of cultural pulls, the main character has to think of her in-law’s position. If she doesn’t forgive her father for trying to kill her, her village elders would shun her in-laws. Also, her village elders and her brother in law are pressuring her to forgive her father and put the incident behind her. In terms of economic pulls, the court trial and the case could take a long time, and she has to pay the lawyer for that. Additionally, if she makes sure that the father stays in jail for a lifetime or even a long time, her family will suffer. The father was the only one bringing money to the house, so without him, her mother and sisters would starve. I do believe that if I was in her position, I wouldn’t know what to do. She didn’t want to hurt her in-laws who took her in as a daughter and starve her family. She also didn’t want to live her life in fear if her father and uncle were allowed to roam free. I do realize that there wasn’t really an option for her. If she decided to not forgive, there were more bad things in store for her and her in-laws. Her father was basically the only one who benefitted. He was more respected when he returned. He had more marriage proposals for his daughters, and none of his family dared disobey him after what he did to Saba.
Megha Natarajan
NDSJ
1. What is modern slavery? How is this similar to slavery that existed through the Atlantic Circuit as well as various areas of China, the Roman Empire, India, Russia etc?
ReplyDeleteModern slavery is the forced enslavement of peoples and it is still existent in various underdeveloped countries as well as developed countries. This is similar to the Atlantic Circuit and other areas of the world because both involve the use of abuse as a way of forceful controlling and because both usually occur without consent.
2. Bonded Labor: What is it? Where is this found?
Bonded labor is a form of slavery that involves great debts and less pay for work. In this case, the slaves have to work to pay their debts off. Bonded labor is found in the Caribbean, Africa, and places of southeast Asia.
~ ~ ~ Do you think the history of the caste system in India played a role in this type of bonded labour? Explain
Yes, the caste system does play a significant role in the bonded labor system of India. In the stories, the relationship between the owners and the workers is similar to how a typical caste system would be arranged. The stories portrayed the owners as more dominant because of their higher position in the caste system and the workers were degraded and treated harshly because of their lower positions.
3. Describe how the issues of child slavery are a growing and serious problem.
Child slavery is an extremely massive situation because there are 5.5 million children involved in slavery. This number continues to increase everyday. It’s an extremely serious issue because it exists in places where it wouldn’t ever be expected. Children in slavery are often forced into it by their parents because of their financial conditions. They’re abused by their employers, both physically and verbally. All the consequences of child slavery are very dangerous to the overall development of the child.
~ ~ ~ Child slavery is often rationalized as a way of bringing money into a region. How are the long-term consequences to child labor disastrous, economically, for a country?The consequences of child labor are obviously disastrous for the children themselves, due to the traumatic experiences and loss. The economic consequences to child labor are disastrous for the country due to the negative message it spreads about the country and how the country receives access to certain facilities, food, and more. This negative message of a country’s economy explains that the country posses resources because of the widespread use of child labor.
4. Do you consider a forced marriage a type of slavery? Explain.
DeleteYes because forced marriage occurs without the consent of both people. It ties two people into a bond that they didn’t agree to. In most cases, it involves the woman being forced to produce children and to do household chores. Overall, yes, forced marriage is a type of slavery.
· Looking through the lens of history, why are women and children much more prone to be victims of slavery?
Women and children have been more susceptible to slavery in history because the male has always been the dominant figure with power over everyone. From ancient times to the Industrial Revolution, it’s almost always been women, peasants, and children that were forced into slavery because of forcefulness executed by the boss, or the male. That patriarchal society has been carried out in history from those times to now and has made women and children extremely prone to different types of slavery.
· What cultural and economic pulls exist for the main character, in regards to her decision to “forgive”?
If the main character hadn’t forgiven her father, her natal family as well as her in-laws would have been financially hurt. They would be socially shunned by their society and by coworkers and bosses and their workplaces. Since the society and her family was highly conservative, she had no choice but to forgive. If she hadn’t there would be too many consequences that would hurt her family. Most of what effected her decision to forgive was the pressure she faced both from society and her family.
· What do you think about the decision made to “forgive” and the father’s response to his violent actions towards his daughter?
I personally think the decision of forgiveness in this case wasn’t just. It’s shocking that their legal system supports forgiveness to the father because he’s male rather than supporting what’s just and fair to the victim. The father’s response to his violent actions were also outrageous. Although I understand that his actions were to protect his family’s honor, I don’t support his violent actions towards his daughter. His justification for his actions were also very shocking because it showed to what extent he could go towards to preserve the honor of his family.
Shikha NDSJ
1) Modern slavery refers to slavery that still occurs today, which includes bonded labor, arranged marriages, sweatshop labor, etc. Around 21 million people are victims of some form of modern slavery. Modern slavery is similar to the different systems of slavery we have studied in WHAP as they both involve people being forced to produce services for the holder’s benefit for little or no pay. In addition, they both include the dehumanization and abuse of the laborers. Modern slavery is different from the systems of slavery we have studied, as, during the time of each, most people were aware of what was taking place. Today, however, many people believe slavery has been completely eradicated, as laws have restricted slavery globally.
ReplyDelete2) Bonded labor is a form of modern slavery in which someone forces another person to work in order to repay a debt. The laborer works for little or no pay, most commonly in grueling conditions. It is the most common form of modern slavery, although many people are unaware of it. Today it is most prevalent in Asia/the Pacific, where the majority of the region’s 11.7 million people involved in forced labor are part of a bonded labor system. One area where there is a lot of bonded labor, in particular, is the Punjab region of India (where there is a lot of brick kiln bonded labor). The caste system in India has played a role in the continuing issue of bonded labor, as it has created a power balance in which bonded labor often occurs. Specifically, members of lower castes are vulnerable to being taken advantage of by those in higher castes.
Nina NDSJ
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Delete3) There are approximately 5.5 million children in slavery today. Child slavery is a huge issue as it puts children at danger, due to the harsh conditions in which many child slaves are forced to work. In addition, long working hours and the holder’s control of a slave often hinder the ability of a child to receive an education. Furthermore, some of the children involved in slavery are forced to partake in armed conflict (around 300,000), which leads to trauma later on in life. Finally, child labor is unethical and can leave deep emotional wounds on those connected to it. Child slavery can have long term economic consequences, as the children involved are typically hindered from going to school. This makes it even more difficult for enslaved children to achieve financial stability and improve their lives later on.
Delete4) I consider forced marriage to be a form of slavery, as the people involved in the marriage have no choice or say in the matter. In addition, forced marriage is a form of slavery as it involves the dehumanization of those subject to it. Specifically, the two people involved are treated as means of obtaining wealth and honor, instead of as human beings. Women and children are more prone to be victims of slavery as they have been seen as inferior and weaker than men throughout world history. For example, women are often viewed as being useful only within a domestic setting. In addition, they have been viewed as physically weak and intellectually inferior to males. Such views have often been points of justification for the abuse of both groups. Saba feels a pull to forgive her uncle and father, even though she doesn’t truly want to, due in part to the economic consequences of choosing not to. Her father was the primary source of income in her family’s home, so if he were to be jailed, her family would struggle economically. In addition, cultural forces played a role in her ultimate decision to forgive them. If she were to refuse forgiveness, both her own family and her in-laws would be shunned. I think it is very sad that Saba was practically forced to forgive her uncle and father. It must have been incredibly difficult to be treated so terribly by her own family and then practically forced to forgive them quickly (especially since they felt no remorse at their actions). While it would have been ideal for Saba to not forgive them (at least not as early on as she did), I definitely understand that the factors surrounding the situation left her with practically no choice. If she had not forgiven them, her family would suffer greatly and the matter would be complicated further. I think the father’s response to his actions was sickening. It is very difficult for me to imagine a father attempting to murder his own daughter and expressing no remorse. I recognize that he lives in a society that stresses honor and that for his daughter to marry a poorer man would be considered dishonorable, but I still find his extreme hostility and lack of remorse regarding it to be terrible.
Nina NDSJ
1a) What is modern slavery? How is this similar to slavery that existed through the Atlantic Circuit as well as various areas of China, the Roman Empire, India, Russia etc.?
ReplyDeleteModern Slavery is when people are forced to work through threats, are owned or controlled by an “employer” through abuse, is dehumanised by being treated as property or is physically constrained/ has restrictions on their freedom of movement. These are the characteristics of slavery, but modern slavery has many forms and isn’t always named as such. Some examples include arranged marriage, human trafficking, and bonded labor.
2a) Bonded Labor: What is it? Where is this found?
Bonded labor occurs when labor is demanded as a way to repay a loan. Many laborers are paid little to none for their work and the debts are often transferred to the next generation. Indentured servants in the Americas, Africa, the Caribbean and South-East Asia are bonded laborers. In India, also, thousands of people are forced into bonded labor.
b) Do you think the history of the caste system in India played a role in this type of bonded labour? Explain
I believe that the caste system in India allowed for the higher class to take advantage of the poorer and lower classes. The lower classes were only allowed certain jobs, if any, and they became poor, so the higher classes would loan them money for labor. This loan then needed to be paid off, but the laborers continued to need more loans, which lead to the cycle of bonded labor. If the caste system in India was not as strong, people would be able to get jobs where ever there were spots, so less people would be indebt.
3a) Describe how the issues of child slavery are a growing and serious problem?
Issues of child slavery are a serious problem because the enslaved children cannot fight against their enslavement. Children are not strong enough to fight against adult perpetrators and some are too young to realize that they are in slavery. Child slavery is often times very dangerous because they are too young to understand the dangerous equipment they are using.
b) Child slavery is often rationalized as a way of bringing money into a region. How are the long-term consequences to child labor disastrous, economically, for a country?
Child slavery have great long term consequences for the children and the economy. The countries or businesses that have child slavery can be persuaded for having illegal laborers. This, in the long run, would damage the business and the economy. If a country with one great export is using child laborers and is stopped, their economy would be ruined.
4a) Do you consider a forced marriage a type of slavery? Explain
DeleteI do consider a forced marriage a type of slavery because in many cases, women become the property of the husband and thus have to do as they say and don’t have rights. Forced marriages normally happen to young girls who are then forced into sexual relations with the husband against their will. A forced marriage is modern slavery because the women is “owned” by the husband and is dehumanized.
b) Looking through the lens of history, why are women and children much more prone to be victims of slavery?
Throughout history, women and children are considered less than men and thus are taken advantage of. Women get paid less than men because of their subordinative and the idea that they can not complete the same tasks as men.
c) What cultural and economic pulls exist for the main character, in regards to her decision to “forgive”?
The main character is forced to forgive her father and uncle because the elders told her to. The elders have the power to force the whole community to shun her and their family, so they use this power against her. Her culture is based greatly on honor and thus allows the father to get always with this crime and people consider him greatly for committing it. The court hearing costs money that the main character’s family doesn’t have.
d) What do you think about the decision made to “forgive” and the father’s response to his violent actions towards his daughter?
I believe that she didn’t have a choice in the matter of whether to forgive or not because of the pressure from the community. I understand why she personally doesn’t forgive her father and uncle, but I agree that the best thing to do in the situation was to forgive in court. I dislike the way that Saba’s father responses to his actions because he believes that he did the right thing and his community supports him. I believe that he should have seen the wrong in this actions, but his society doesn’t allow him to.
Syd Pryor
NDSJ
1. Modern slavery is manifested in many different ways. Though slavery was abolished in the 19th century, that does not mean its practices have gone away. Today, it can be seen though people forced to do agricultural, domestic, factory, or sweatshop work that they are receiving little to no pay for, forced marriages of women, families forced to do labor in order to pay off generational debt, or forced prostitution of women. This is similar to what happened in history because of the prevalence of sexism that has prevailed though centuries. Also, the format of indentured servitude has been constant and unchanging, and is still common today.
ReplyDelete2. Modern slavery exists most commonly in bonded labor. Bonded labor is when labor is given as a way to repay a debt. This debt can cross generations, and most of the time the people working are not given an accurate labor timeframe to the amount that they actually owe the person who is forcing them to work. It can be found today in South Asian brick kilns, mills, and factories. Many of these workers are there due to a loan over survival necessities, including medical costs. I think the caste system does have a part in bonded labor because if the “Untouchables” can’t get a job, they don’t have money to buy things for survival. For instance, if they have to pay medical bills that were to fix a life threatening injury, they have no choice but to take out a loan because they do not have the money to pay for it. Because of this, bonded labor is “the only way” to repay the person they borrowed money from.
3. The issues of child slavery are not gone like many people think they are. An estimated 5.5 million children are working as slaves or in slave-like conditions according to the International Labor Organization. This problem is serious because children are put in dangerous working conditions that are detrimental to their health. These kind of working situations can also keep children from receiving a proper education, which hinders their ability to get above the poverty line. The long-term effects of child slavery are that children are locked into a position of poverty that they cannot escape from. This also affects the economy because it leaves less people to fill the jobs that require educated people and subsequently, the children of those in servitude will likely also go into servitude.
Delete4. I do think that this is a type of slavery because women are forced against their will to do something that they do not want to. Also, women are treated like property in this matter, being traded or bought. This reminds me of how slaves were bought and sold. Women and children are more prone to be victims of slavery for a few different reasons. Women and children are, in my opinion, easier to manipulate, especially children. They are more easily scared, hurt, and are less respected in all terms of the word. Men are the decision-makers, they are “stronger,” and they make the money. I also believe this has something to do with society and gender roles as well- obviously I do not believe that women are less than men; however this is how society portrays them. Women hold no power, they are uneducated and treated like property of their husbands. Drawing on Chinese Confucianism, one of the rules for women was to respect their father, then their husband, and finally their son. It was always submission. This can be seen here, in Saba’s case as well- because her father told her not to marry Quaiser, she shouldn’t have gone behind his back and married him anyway, because she has to submit to her father. That is why him trying to kill her is “justified.” So, even today, women and children are treated more like property than men. Saba forgives her father and her uncle for their actions because she is told to do so by the elders. They told her she should forgive her family because her father was in the right, she had disrespected him, and she would be the shame of her family. If she did not forgive him, her in-laws and her family would be outcasts due to their honor being disrupted and tarnished. Also, Saba’s father was the main breadwinner of the family. If he did not return, her mother and sister would have no way to support themselves, and that could be very hard for them to do. I hate how everyone acted like Saba's case was perfectly normal and fine. I know it probably is there, but to me this is appalling. Saba’s father tried to kill her, she was shot and left for dead. However, she survived and when she tried to make a case for herself, everyone told her to forgive her father. That made me mad, because why would someone want to forgive their murderer? Many people would be disgusted at the idea. This person tried to kill her, and Saba’s father was thinking in a clear state of mind when he was performing such actions. Then, her father says he is honorable and that he did no wrong. To me, this is also horrifying. He put his hand on the Quran and promised not to hurt her- this promise is sacred because it was a promise to God (and obviously these people in Pakistan are very religious). Such a promise should not have been broken, but it was. And still, he now runs free with no charges at all with her uncle that was also involved. I think Saba did not make the right decision in this, however if she did not forgive them, she would not be in a good place with the rest of her neighborhood, and so such a decision is understandable, though not likable.
Kaelyn Yergin NDSJ
1. Modern slavery is still unfortunately a very prevalent issue around the world. Although it doesn't look the same as it did in the 18th and 19th century, it now manifests as a different type of slavery -- seen through women in prostitution, forced labor through agriculture, domestic work, sweatshops, generational slavery, or through forced marriages. This is similar to the slavery that existed in other time periods mainly because it is still a problem that stems from ideas of dehumanization. During the Atlantic circuit, those who imposed slavery felt feelings of superiority over others, and this idea has transcended to today's ideals of slavery as well. In other times and today's times, some types of slavery that people are subject to are extremely labor-intensive, and people end up working in terrible conditions. Also, another similarity lies in the way that slavery oppresses those who are enslaved as well as the children/family of those involved. In general, slavery stems from the greed of wanting something quickly without wanting to pay the price for it.
ReplyDelete2. The concept of bonded labor is the most prevalent type of slavery, but unfortunately is not as well known as it should be. Basically, during bonded labor, people work in return for a loan. After agreeing to "working" under these conditions, these same people are tricked/trapped into continuing in this terrible situations. Also, the debts can transcend through generations, which results in oppression of multiple generations of people. Bonded labor has occurred for quite a while in areas such as Africa, the Caribbean, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. Even now in South Asia, one would find bonded labor in agriculture, brick kilns, mills, and factories. I believe that the Indian caste system has influenced ideals of a class "separation" between people, therefore justifying the idea of bonded labor. Bonded labor is motivated by poverty and class distinctions, and the caste system perpetuates and allows for this discrimination. In order to survive, people of lower statuses must sacrifice their freedom, which is seen primarily through bonded labor.
Sapna R. [NDSJ]
3. Child slavery continues to grow at a rapid pace, and this is a huge threat to our society. The International Labour Organization (ILO) gave a number to the number of children who are considered slaves, based on the intensity of their living conditions -- 5.5 million children. That's 5.5 million children who are denied the abilities to receive an adequate education due to the amount of work they are subjected to as well as the terrible living conditions they have as a result. Child labor/child slavery can be seen through prostitution, pornography, forced begging, petty theft, drug trade, and forced labor through agriculture, factories, construction, brick kilns, mines, bars, restaurants, and even through armed conflict. As we allow this problem to persist, we are condoning greed and dehumanization. This problem leaves these children through large amounts of physical and psychological pain as well as it ruins their future. These children end up growing up without an education and without the hope to continue, let alone the large health detriments that child labor ensues in certain conditions. Rates of child trafficking will continue to increase as it has in the past few years, and the economy can find itself in shambles if we do not fix this problem. As child slavery grows, it will start to be accepted through different cultures, as we have seen happen in certain areas of the world. Although child slavery is often a means to bring money, this simply entails short-term benefits. Long-term consequences of child labor can be seen through the terrible health-related consequences of a certain generation of the population as well as a decreasing education rate, leading to a less productive society when the generation of children becomes adults.
DeleteSapna R. [NDSJ]
4. I consider forced marriage a type of slavery mainly because forced marriages stem from the idea of superiority -- that men are greater than women. This belief serves as the justification for forced marriage. When women are forced to marry older men, they are denied the right of expressing their own wishes. When these women are in these marriages, there are very little chances of the women being able to escape the overbearing contracts of the marriage. As a result, these women are forced to stay in a marriage that they didn't necessarily express consent to. This is a blatant form of slavery that is far too prevalent globally. Through the lens of history, women and children are more likely to be victims of slavery because they have less societal power, therefore allowing others to control them through this societal power. For example, women and children have been seen as weaker, less important, and as "lesser" beings. Consequently, dehumanization occurs, and slavery is quick to follow. In "Girl in the River, A Price of Forgiveness", the main character, Saba, has the opportunity to deny forgive her father, but her decision is more nuanced, especially when we take the cultural and economic consequences into consideration. If Saba didn't forgive her father, therefore keeping him in jail, her family and her husband's family would experience a lot of cultural shame, as this would be a blow to the families' honor and status. On top of it, Saba's father is the primary breadwinner in the family, so with her father in jail, she and the rest of her family would suffer due to increased poverty. As a result, she decides to forgive her father. Ideally for Saba, she wouldn't have to forgive her father, but for her future welfare, her family's welfare, and her in-laws' welfare, she had to forgive her father. Forgiveness was the best option in this sense because she cared too much about the others who would be affected rather than letting her anger inundate her decision, a quality which is truly inspirational. However, towards her father, I am truly appalled that a father would value his societal standing more than his daughter's safety and happiness. It is sad to think that we are still in a society in which gender inequality is so prevalent and that the society's brute discrimination perpetuates the violence that is inflicted on Saba.
DeleteSapna R. [NDSJ]
1. Modern Slavery is when an individual is forced into a situation/work or dehumanized and treated as property. This can be any kind of forced labor like factory work or prostitution, child marriage and other illegal practices that violate human rights. This is similar to slavery in the Atlantic Circuit and various empires because these people are coerced or tricked into this work. Often times they are forced to work to pay off a debt or in the case of many they are tricked into leaving their homes and working.
ReplyDelete2. Bonded labor is when an individual is made to work as repayment for a debt but they are actually forced to work for little to no pay and are stuck in the position of forced labor. Bonded labor is incredibly widespread but most commonly found in South Asia. I think the caste system in India could have contributed to types of bonded labor because people were separated by castes and those that were poor were in the lower castes and looked down upon by those of the higher caste. This can be seen in the roles of workers trapped in bonded labor and those they work for. Because they are struggling with poverty and debts, they are of a "lower class" and must go to someone of a "higher class" for assistance when in reality they are being manipulated through bonded labor.
-Lara NDSJ
3. In areas of the world, children are exploited for work. This is a serious problem because many people do not realize how prevalent child slavery is and are not aware of the different forms of child slavery. Child slavery includes forced labor or participation in illicit activities for profit, forced participation in armed conflicts and making children domestic workers. Child labor creates a poor economic climate for a country because these children are forced into labor and don’t receive an education or any form of training for a legitimate job so when they grow up and leave the child labor scene they are adults without money or an education. Also, for countries that rely heavily on child labor, if the child labor system were to collapse that would leave the economy heavily impacted due to the dependence.
Delete4. I believe forced marriage is a type of slavery because the individual forced into marriage is having their freedom taken away and they are being treated like property that someone can just sell or marry off. The rights and freedoms of the individual are ignored and they are being forced into a situation that they do now want. Women and children are more prone to be victims of slavery because of patriarchal societies and social norms where men are the head of the family and can make decisions regarding the future of individuals within the family. Because of this, women and children are seen as belonging to the male head of the family and so women and children are treated like property that can be sold off or forced into circumstances. In the case of Saba and her having to "forgive" her father and uncle, she was pressured by her community to "forgive". If Saba had continued to refuse to "forgive", she and her in-laws would have been isolated by the rest of their neighbors. If that had happened, they would never receive any help from neighbors, especially during times of economic struggles. As a result, to protect her in-laws from isolation and conflict, Saba had to "forgive" her family. I understand Saba's decision to "forgive" as she honestly had no other choice that would have ended well. However, I can not understand how her father justified his attempt at killing his daughter to maintain his pride and reputation. Even in prison he said that given a second chance, he would kill Saba and her husband Qaiser. At the end, he said that he has "forgiven" Saba for her actions, which I find completely backwards. This whole situation has only boosted his reputation because he essentially won since nothing could be done legally to help Saba fight her case. I wish something could have been done so the father could have been made to recognize the gravity of his actions and how wrong he was. Even Saba's mother is on good terms and interacts with her. Her siblings and father still stand by his actions and continue to believe he did the right thing according to their society.
- Lara NDSJ
1. Modern slavery is slavery in today’s day and age that mostly takes place in the form of bonded labor. It is similar to the slavery of ancient times because it is still labor against people’s will and often forces people to do things they don’t want to and it moves people from their homes into other areas. Slaves often undergo harsh physical labor and are not treated well. The basic principles of slavery still are in use today, but under different names. Slavery can be constituted as people working under threat of physical harm, being dehumanized and “sold”, being physically restrained or by being owned by an employer.
ReplyDelete2. Bonded labor is a type of slavery that makes work in order to pay off a loan. Often though the work does not pay enough to pay off the loan and more debts are added on until the person can never repay their debt and are left a slave. It is most commonly found in India and most heavily affects the poor Dalits, or untouchables. The Indian government is aware that it is happening but does little to stop it.
3.I think the caste system definitely left a mark on India that affects who is in bonded labor and who is not. People of dark skin color in India have been discriminated against since the start and many of these people were made into untouchables because they were also poor. I think that discrimination from the caste system still influences who is poor and who is not, therefore influencing who has to take out loans for basic survival. The poorest in India are mostly still people who come from Dalits and so they still have to face the discrimination of being “Untouchable”.
Child slavery is a growing problem because even though most people seem to think that it is no longer a problem, it is in fact getting larger. The real reason it is allowed to spread is that most people think that there are no longer slaves. There is a belief that slavery doesn’t exist which ignores those who are being forced into work.
The long term consequences are that if you have child laborers you end up with a generation who were never educated. Then your country’s work force is made up of unskilled uneducated and poor laborers who have been exploited their entire lives. For economic health of the country overall this system will never work because only a few people can truly participate in the economy, as the rest are too poor to do so.
4.I believe that forced marriage is a form of slavery because when you force a marriage you are treating someone as though they are a commodity to be traded and not as a person. Often Forced marriages move the one being forced into a new area with a stranger who is generally older and probably abusive. The one being force ditn omarriage as no choice over their life and is left voiceless.
ReplyDeleteWomen and children are often the ones enslaved because they are the ones who are seen as weak and are oppressed. Thy also have not been well educated throughout most of history so it’s harder for women and children to fight back. Children lack the education or life experience to control a lot of their destiny so they are easily put into bonded labor or make deals that they cant fully comprehend the consequences of. Women have always been seen as the lesser sex throughout history and also are often left with a bad education. This makes people think they have more right to enslave women.
Saba was forced to forgive because of circumstance. Her neighborhood , where both she and her killers live, is controlled by the men of the area and if she were to not forgive she would have isolated her new family and her old family both socially and economically. In times of trouble neither of her families would have been able to go to the elders and ask for help. Economically her old family would not be able to have support because the father would stay in jail and would not be able to make any money. She was forced into agreeing to forgive her killers because otherwise she would be putting her loved ones at risk. I think that Saba was extremely selfless in forgiving her father. I was appalled by the father though. The fact that someone could be so nonchalant about trying to kill their own daughter horrifies me and if I was in her situation I would never be able to forgive my family. For Saba though she had to forget her own emotions so that she protect her families socially and economically from being isolated from the leaders of her community.
Modern slavery is any forced labor, being abused or owned by a boss, being sold, or being held back from what that person would like to do. This is similar to slavery in the Atlantic Circuit because people were sold like property to slave owners in the Americas. They were also forced into jobs with little or no money for the labor that they did.
ReplyDeleteBonded labor is when someone is indebted to someone else and as a way to pay them back the person works for the person they are indebted to. However, the person ends up working way more than what would be considered equal to the amount of money they owed, and then the debt is passed on to the next generation because supposedly the first person still hadn’t paid off their debt. Bonded labor is found in Southeast Asia and the Pacific. It is most constantly used at mills, on farms, and at brick kilns. I think that the caste system that had been used in India plays a role in bonded labor because people are usually borrowing money from people who are “higher” up on the caste pyramid than they are. They are also subject to being a servant to the person they are indebted to. Bonded labor probably stems from the idea that some people are inferior to others and therefore can trick them into working for them for long periods of time.
Child slavery is a growing issue because many children are forced into labor, marriage, or are trafficked. Others are forced to join armies, do domestic work, or are used for illicit activities. It is becoming a serious problem because millions of children are being abused in different ways. Some children go hungry and lots of them are doing dangerous work. Economically child labor is disastrous for some countries because other countries are not in support of child slavery/labor and will not buy products from specific countries because of it. Also many kids die in child slavery, meaning that they will have to find more people to do the labor, possibly adults, and will then actually have to pay them.
I consider forced marriage a type of slavery because the woman has no choice and she isn’t consenting to the marriage. She is not doing something she is happy about doing but nonetheless her family is making her do it. Throughout history women’s and children’s role in society has decreased. Men had begun to provide for the family, and women were expected to stay at home with the children.Therefore, men were seen as superior to the rest of the family and everyone else was subject to his decisions. Various religions also teach that what a father demands of his child should be respected and completed. I think this also adds to the power of men. A cultural pull that pressures Saba to forgive is that the elders of the community think it is their job to intervene and dictate whether she should forgive or not. Culturally they are superior to her and should be respected by her. Economically Saba was pressured to forgive because if her new family chose to pursue the case the rest of the community would look down on them and if they were ever in a time of need they may not find help within their community. I do not like that the community told Saba to forgive and then she did. I understand why she chose to, but if she hadn’t maybe other people would be able to stand up and tell other men that honor killings are not right, and maybe justice would be found. I think that the father’s reaction to what he did was wrong because he was proud about trying to kill his daughter. He said that he is honorable and that he did the right thing, but I don’t understand how violence towards your own family can bring you pride. I also don’t think that the community respecting him more after this is right because it commends his behavior when what he did was wrong.
Jasmine C NDSJ
Modern slavery is contemporary enslavement of peoples, which involves dehumanisation, being owned or controlled, and being forced to work. Examples of modern slavery are prostitution, child marriage, forced labor in agriculture or sweatshops, or generations being forced to work off debt. This is similar to historical slavery especially in that many people were forced to work in agricultural plantations or in factories later on. Generational slavery was a major part of slavery in the Americas, and children of slaves that had come to the west from the Atlantic Circuit were still forced into slavery. Also, major discrimination against lower classes or minorities continues to be a major cause of slavery, with an example of that being the “untouchable” caste in South and Southeast Asia.
ReplyDeleteBonded labor is when someone forces another to work to pay off debt. Then, they are paid little or nothing at all, and often work more than their debt is worth. Sometimes the “debt” is passed down into their children, continuing the cycle of slavery. Like previously mentioned, this is still found today in the still existing “untouchable” caste. Many in India are subject to bonded labor.
I think that the caste system in India definitely played a major part in this kind of slavery because it created a historical stratification within society. By having these divisions, it allows for more discrimination, as it automatically makes certain people “less than” others. Also, those in the lowest castes may be seen as almost subhuman, because of their low status. This system continues through generations, so even now it still has huge effects.
Child slavery is often extremely abusive, and children are unable to stand up for themselves because they are minors and do not have the full strength, both mentally and physically to do so. Children cannot make the choice to do that work, and in these areas do not have the choice to stop. By working, they are being prevented from getting an education, which would actually help them raise their status in society. Child labor contributes to an endless cycle of poverty.
DeleteChild slavery does not help the economy in the long run, because when they grow up, the population is just more uneducated and unable to take steps forward. It is much more difficult to make change when the majority of people do not have the knowledge to do so. Without an education, these children cannot make enough money to survive.
I think that forced marriage is a kind of slavery because often times the woman involved is forced into it. She does not make the choice to marry the other person, and she cannot leave the marriage if she wishes. Also, the males in her family are the ones who control her, limiting her freedoms, just like a person in slavery.
I think that they are more prone to being victims of slavery because historically, society has limited the status of women and children, so that they have less power than men. They are portrayed as weaker, and are not given the same opportunities as men. Women and children already lacked rights to begin with, and that makes it easier for slavery to begin.
In her community, respect and honor are of highest values, and forgiving her father and uncle is viewed as the “honorable” thing to do. Her society viewed her defiance of an unwanted arranged marriage as a disrespectful and horrible act, and without forgiveness, she would be shunned, along with her new family. Also, because her father is the only male in her house, he is the only person with an adequate and stable income. If she took him to court and put him in prison, her family would have no source of money.
It’s very frustrating to see that she forgave her father and uncle, but at the same time it is not surprising. The factors that she faced were very dire, and almost made it so that she did not really have a choice to make. I think that it is horrible that so many women face the danger of honor killings, and it is unacceptable for them to be excused. It was also horrible to see that her father was proud of attempting to murder his own daughter. Whether or not she obeyed what he said, she still has the right to live.
Keahi NDSJ
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DeleteA.
ReplyDeletei. Modern slavery is the institution of slavery which has existed for thousands of years and still exists today. Often, present day slavery is not referred to as simply “slavery”; rather, the title of modern slavery encompasses human trafficking, forced labour, sexual or criminal exploitation, domestic servitude, bonded labor, blood farming, forced marriage, etc. Of these, bonded labor is one of the most widespread yet disregarded form of modern slavery in our world today.
ii. Slavery today is similar to the slavery which existed throughout the Atlantic Circuit and other parts of the world before today because all types of slavery, both modern and ancient and everything in between involve people living in a condition compared to that of a slave in respect of exhausting labor or restricted freedom. People of all ages and genders, particularly those who are more vulnerable due to their economic or social status are forced to work long hours for little pay. Additionally, slavery and human trafficking, etc. is a huge source of income for people who participate in the illegal modern slave trade, therefore it is often justified as “stimulating the economy”.
B.
i. Bonded labor is one of the most ignored types of slavery in our world today. Bonded labor is when a person is coerced to work in order to pay off a debt or a loan, and then is trapped or tricked into working for very low incomes, and so the sum of their work ends up outweighing their original debt. Often times, bonded labor is passed on through generations. This type of slavery can be found throughout the world, especially in Asia and Africa.
ii. Yes, I do think that the history of the caste system in India played a large part in the perpetuation of this vicious cycle of poverty, abuse, and slavery. Throughout Indian history, a rigid caste system has existed and been enforced, and those in the lower rungs of the social ladder have been subject to the whims of those above. Additionally, as we saw in A Girl in the River, honor and respect has also been a highly important value in Indian and South-Asian culture, thus Sudras (commoners, peasants, et. al.) and Untouchables (those in the lowest societal level who are shunned by the rest of society) have been obligated to respect the wishes of the Brahmins (priests and academics), Kshatriya (warriors), and and Vaishya (merchants and landowners). Because of this implied and obligated respect, higher-ups were and are often able to force unwanted labor upon those who are below, simply because of social status. In this article, we see that Mathura and Dolamani Bagh had no choice in whether or not they would work, partially because it was the only way for them to survive and partially because they must respect those above them. The caste system and history of rigid social stratification has facilitated the idea of maintaining honor at all costs, even despite abuse, and has also made it so that the cycle of poverty for Untouchables and Sudras continues.
Maha Khan NDSJ
C.
Deletei. Today, when we think of slavery, we often think that it is over or that it is no longer a problem. However, this could not be further from the truth. According to the International Labor Organization, there are an estimated 5.5 million children who are in slavery. These children are forced to work long hours for little or no pay, used in prostitution, forced begging, and the drug trade, forced to participate in armed conflict, or used as domestic workers. Using children and forcing them to work is often much more profitable than legally hiring adults and paying them their fare share, and because of this, child slavery is on the rise. Children are being exploited every day for their labor, and though the numbers are decreasing, the amount of illegally employed children between the ages of 5 and 17 is still very high. In 2012, 168 million children were being exploited, which is less than the 215 million in 2008.
ii. Despite that child slavery is often seen as a way of “strengthening the economy”, this logic is very short term. Children are the future of a country– when many of them are unable to get an education, spending their time instead working in brick kilns or fighting in the army. This is no way to strengthen the future of a country. In the long run, child labor and child slavery greatly impedes upon the growth of a country, both economically and socially.
iii. I absolutely consider forced marriage a type of slavery. Child brides are often subject to lives of abuse and pain. Young girls who are married off as early as 8 or 9 years old are many times raped and forced to bear children at a very young age, or subjected to slavery-like practices. Though this is not always the case, far too many children are being married off even before they go through puberty, are unable to have a say in their future, and are unable to receive a quality education or live happy, healthy lives.
D.
i. Throughout history, women and children have been the most vulnerable and weak in the population. Because of this, women and children are most likely to be coerced or forced into slavery or slavery-like conditions. Women have always been below men on the social ladder, and they are still treated as less than equal. Children are also very malleable and easily manipulated, therefore are also able to be forced into conditions which are nowhere near suitable for young girls and boys. Not only this, but because of the malleability of the young mind, children are able to be brainwashed and conditioned into accepting their fate as slaves and even appreciating it. An example of this is child soldiers, such as those used by the Revolutionary United Front in South Africa, who were brainwashed and taught that what they were fighting for was a righteous cause.
ii. Personally, I am unable to fathom that Saba could forgive the perpetrators of such a horrendous crime. As a girl, as a feminist, and as a human being, I think that the actions of her father were beyond disgusting, and a father capable of killing his own daughter is not one who should be forgiven. Unfortunately, though I am appalled by Maqsood’s response, I am not surprised. Too many times have we seen people justify unthinkable crimes by saying that God wills it, when in reality this is not true because no religion endorses cruel violence. Additionally, the blatant sexism present in his words made me feel sick, as did his lack of responsibility for the crime. When asked why he thought he was in jail, Maqsood said that it was Qaisar’s fault, when in actuality he was in jail because he attempted to slaughter his own daughter. In his mind, honor was more important than life, and murder was a small price to pay for a good image. Every backward and outrageous detail about Saba’s father’s actions and responses shock me and horrify me, though, to my own dismay, I have come to expect them.
Maha Khan NDSJ
Modern slavery is that the people are being forced to work through threat and controlled with abuse. They are constrained as a person and do not have human rights. This is similar to slavery that existed through the Atlantic Circuit and other areas because the indentured slavery that existed at that time is now being said that the slaves have not finished paying their debt and still have to work even more than what they were forced to.
ReplyDeleteBonded labor is when their labor is used for a repayment of a loan. This promotes discrimination between people who do not have a chance to get out of slavery and therefore are bonded under this in the first place. Bonded slavery is found in South Asia, mainly India, and Southeast Asia
Yes I do think the history of the caste system is related because it categorized the people into different levels of society and that enforces the thinking process that some people are better than others and therefore have more rights and can force the people to do what they want because they have the power to do so.
The issues of child slavery is a serious problem because it threatens children’s health and development, which can endanger their lives. They are also subject to slavery and exploitation by others. Children can also be trafficked or made to marry someone much older than them.
Child labor is disastrous because it promotes more children to be made to work which causes the children to do work that they cannot take care of. A lot of this is also illicit work which is illegal.
I do consider forced marriage a type of slavery because it bounds the person, mostly the wife, into a marriage that she does not want to have. She has to take care of her husband and move in and sometimes he doesn’t treat her right either, but she cannot move away because of the honor and respect that they have to have for their family.
Women and children are prone because they are considered weak and that women have to work to supply the husbands, or fathers, or a male relative but cannot be independent by themselves. Children need to be taken care of by other family members, especially adults. Because of this dependency, even if they were under slavery they would not be able to react.
Their culture reflects on honor a lot and since Saba is a girl who has to listen to her father and her uncle, they are shown to have more power than her and can direct her into doing what to do. This is the same as the neighborhood elders who believe that she has to forgive them just because they need a compromise between the two families and that both can live together in peace. Without it, it would just cause more conflicts in the neighborhood. Related to economics, Qaiser’s family is poorer than Saba’s and therefore her father wants her to marry someone he knows that also has around the same or even more to continue his place in society.
I think that her decision made to forgive was something that she should not have done. I believe that both of them should have stayed in prison longer than that because of their actions. The father’s response of violence to his daughter shows that he cares more about his reputation in society than his daughter’s happiness and the marriage is only a way to show more power and prestige.